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Sensory consequences of ageing on the neurobiology of speech perception

衰老对言语感知神经生物学的感官影响

基本信息

批准号：
BB/S008527/1
负责人：
Helen Nuttall
金额：
$ 59.32万
依托单位：
Lancaster University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS008527%2F1
关键词：
Sensory consequences ageing neurobiology speech

项目摘要

By the age of 70 years, 71% of people experience some degree of hearing loss, which can cause severe changes to quality of life. We have all experienced the frustration of struggling to understand speech in background noise. This is particularly true for older adults with hearing loss, who are more likely to disengage from social interactions that take place in noisy environments, increasing social isolation and decreasing mental wellbeing. Indeed, several studies have found a significant relation between hearing loss and reduced brain health. We need new knowledge of how age-related hearing loss affects the brain in order to develop effective interventions.Hearing loss usually reflects a problem with hair cells in the ear, which degrades how the speech signal is broken down by the ear. This means that a degraded signal is subsequently sent to the brain. Our brains then have to work hard to tune in on the speech and understand the message. This is a bit like using a tuning dial to tune into a radio station. However, we do not know how our brain's tuning ability is affected by hearing loss. We need to know this in order to develop effective interventions for age-related hearing loss.My first research question is to find out if the higher-level auditory areas of the brain help to tune the way speech is represented in lower-level areas of the auditory system. Knowing whether this first tuning mechanism is broken or functioning will help to clarify what type of computer-based auditory training program will work best to help people with hearing loss.My second research question is to find out if higher-level motor areas of the brain help to tune the way speech is represented in higher-level auditory areas. Knowing whether this second tuning mechanism is broken or functioning will help to clarify whether intervention strategies should be geared towards supporting remaining auditory resources, or additionally towards supporting compensatory motor resources, such as articulation training to strengthen the link between speech motor pathways and auditory information.My third research question is to find out whether we can improve a tuning mechanism linked to attention that helps us to keep focused on speech and ignore background sounds in noisy places. Knowing whether we can improve this third tuning mechanism is important because if we can improve it, it could represent a new intervention pathway for age-related hearing loss.To answer these questions, I will combine three major lines of enquiry. I will use brain stimulation to manipulate how the brain is working. For example, I will use brain stimulation to increase or decrease activity in the higher-level hearing areas of the brain. Brain stimulation works by applying magnetic pulses to the brain, which can temporarily, and safely, affect how the brain cells work together in a particular area of the brain. I will use brain imaging to take a picture of how electrical activity in the brain has been affected by the brain stimulation. I will lastly use behavioural tasks to record people's ability to hear and recognise speech after the brain stimulation. By comparing brain imaging and behaviour before and after the stimulation, I will be able to tell if stimulation of higher-level areas of the brain affects tuning (using brain imaging), and behaviour (using hearing and listening tests) in people with age-related hearing loss.

到70岁时，71%的人会经历某种程度的听力损失，这可能会导致生活质量的严重变化。我们都经历过在背景噪音中努力理解语音的挫折。对于听力损失的老年人来说尤其如此，他们更有可能脱离在嘈杂环境中进行的社会互动，增加社会孤立感，降低心理健康。事实上，一些研究已经发现听力损失和大脑健康下降之间存在显着关系。我们需要了解与年龄相关的听力损失如何影响大脑的新知识，以便制定有效的干预措施。听力损失通常反映了耳朵毛细胞的问题，这会降低耳朵分解语音信号的方式。这意味着随后将退化的信号发送到大脑。然后，我们的大脑必须努力工作以收听演讲并理解信息。这有点像使用调谐拨号盘调谐到一个电台。然而，我们不知道我们大脑的调谐能力如何受到听力损失的影响。我们需要知道这一点，以便为年龄相关的听力损失制定有效的干预措施。我的第一个研究问题是要找出大脑的高级听觉区域是否有助于调整听觉系统低级区域的语音表示方式。了解第一个调节机制是否被破坏或起作用，将有助于阐明哪种基于计算机的听觉训练计划最适合帮助听力损失患者。我的第二个研究问题是，大脑的高级运动区域是否有助于调节高级听觉区域的语音表达方式。了解第二种调谐机制是否被破坏或发挥作用将有助于澄清干预策略是否应该面向支持剩余的听觉资源，或额外支持补偿性运动资源，例如加强语言运动通路和听觉信息之间联系的发音训练。我的第三个研究问题是，我们是否可以改善与注意力相关的调谐机制，在嘈杂的地方，我们应该把注意力集中在讲话上，而忽略背景声音。了解我们是否可以改善这第三种调谐机制是很重要的，因为如果我们可以改善它，它可能代表一种新的干预途径与年龄相关的听力损失。为了回答这些问题，我将结合联合收割机三个主要的调查路线。我会用脑刺激来控制大脑的工作方式例如，我将使用大脑刺激来增加或减少大脑高级听觉区域的活动。大脑刺激通过向大脑施加磁脉冲来起作用，磁脉冲可以暂时且安全地影响脑细胞在大脑特定区域的协同工作。我将使用大脑成像技术来拍摄大脑电活动如何受到大脑刺激的影响。最后，我将使用行为任务来记录人们在大脑刺激后听到和识别语音的能力。通过比较刺激前后的大脑成像和行为，我将能够判断大脑高级区域的刺激是否会影响与年龄相关的听力损失患者的调谐（使用大脑成像）和行为（使用听力和听力测试）。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Short-term immobilisation promotes a rapid loss of motor evoked potentials and strength that is not rescued by rTMS treatment

短期固定会导致运动诱发电位和力量迅速丧失，而 rTMS 治疗无法挽救这种情况

DOI：
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Gaffney CJ
通讯作者：
Gaffney CJ

Surgical stress: the muscle and cognitive demands of robotic and laparoscopic surgery.

DOI：
10.1097/as9.0000000000000284
发表时间：
2023-04-28
期刊：
Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches
影响因子：
0
作者：
Shugaba A;Subar DA;Slade K;Willett M;Abdel-Aty M;Campbell I;Heywood N;Vitone L;Sheikh A;Gill M;Zelhof B;Nuttall HE;Bampouras TM;Gaffney CJ
通讯作者：
Gaffney CJ

DOI：
10.3390/brainsci13081126
发表时间：
2023-07-25
期刊：
Brain sciences
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
通讯作者：

Should All Minimal Access Surgery Be Robot-Assisted? A Systematic Review into the Musculoskeletal and Cognitive Demands of Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery.

DOI：
10.1007/s11605-022-05319-8
发表时间：
2022-07
期刊：
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Shugaba, Abdul;Lambert, Joel E.;Bampouras, Theodoros M.;Nuttall, Helen E.;Gaffney, Christopher J.;Subar, Daren A.
通讯作者：
Subar, Daren A.

Toward an Understanding of Healthy Cognitive Aging: The Importance of Lifestyle in Cognitive Reserve and the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition.