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Object manipulation without hands: kinematics and evolution of nest building by birds

不用手操作物体：鸟类筑巢的运动学和进化

基本信息

批准号：
BB/S01019X/1
负责人：
Shoko Sugasawa
金额：
$ 36.98万
依托单位：
University of St Andrews
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS01019X%2F1
关键词：
Object manipulation without hands kinematics

项目摘要

Crafting is a hallmark of human behaviour. For millions of years, hands have enabled humans to develop important innovations, including tools, shelter even in the extreme environments, and vehicles that can carry us anywhere on Earth and into space. Primate hands consist of five digits and a palm with detailed joints and muscle structure, which enable flexible manipulative actions. Amazingly, however, there are structures built by animals that are uncannily similar to human craftwork, such as fishhooks, woven knots and pottery, but that are built without hands. The builders of such structures are birds: such as crows processing a forked branch to make a hooked tool for extracting food, weaverbirds making knots from grass strips to make a nest, or swallows and ovenbirds using mud to make pot-like nests. How do these birds make such human-like structures without hands, simply using their bills? Answering this basic question would provide not only the important scientific insights into the evolutionary origin of this remarkable crafting ability, but could also provide inspirations and insights for the design of industrial robots and medical prosthetics for damaged or missing hands. To examine how birds build structures hands-free, I will use advanced tracking, lab and field experiments, along with comparative analyses to study the details of nest-building behaviour in birds. Nest building is an excellent model for object manipulation: most bird species build nests; and nests can be made from a wide range of materials including plants, animals and artificial objects. My methods consist of two complementary approaches: behavioural experiments to establish detailed motions used by birds while they handle nest material, and a large-scale computational model to investigate if bill shape and nest materials evolved together. To investigate interactions between a broad range of animals' body shape and nest material characteristics, I will use three bird species: white-browed sparrow weavers, zebra finches and barn swallows, as these species have different bill shapes and use different types of nest material. To determine how birds move their bills during nest building, I will carry out behavioural experiments in the UK, South Africa and Japan through my international partnerships with my host PI Prof Susan Healy and Collaborators Dr Andy Young at Univ Exeter, and Dr Masaru Hasegawa at SOKENDAI. To acquire and analyse the information on bird movements from video footage of the behavioural experiment, I will develop automatic tracking software, and analyse the data using machine learning, in collaboration with Prof Barbara Webb at Univ of Edinburgh. From the experiments and analysis, I will be able to tell what techniques birds use to handle different nest materials, and how the techniques change when a material changes its physical properties. In the latter part of the project, I will construct a global model to examine if bill shape evolved with nest material in a wide range of bird species, under the supervision of Collaborator Dr Sally Street at Durham University and Prof Kevin Laland and Dr Catherine Sheard at Univ of St Andrews. Using these two methods (behavioural experiments and evolutionary modelling) ranging from fine- to global-scale, I will identify the advantages and limitations of object manipulations by bills, ultimately providing insights into the truly unique characteristics of human hands.

手工制作是人类行为的标志。数百万年来，手使人类能够开发出重要的创新，包括工具，即使在极端环境下的住所，以及可以将我们带到地球上任何地方和太空的交通工具。灵长类动物的手由五个手指和一个手掌组成，手掌有详细的关节和肌肉结构，这使得灵活的操作动作成为可能。然而，令人惊讶的是，有些由动物建造的结构与人类的工艺品惊人地相似，比如鱼钩、编织结和陶器，但它们是不用手建造的。这种结构的建造者是鸟类：比如乌鸦把一根分叉的树枝做成一个钩状的工具来提取食物，织布鸟用草条打结筑巢，燕子和火炉鸟用泥土做锅状的鸟巢。这些鸟是如何在没有手的情况下，仅仅用喙就能做出这样类似人类的结构的呢？回答这一基本问题，不仅可以为了解这种非凡的手工艺能力的进化起源提供重要的科学见解，还可以为工业机器人的设计和医疗假肢的设计提供灵感和见解。为了研究鸟类如何在不使用双手的情况下建造结构，我将使用先进的跟踪、实验室和实地实验，以及比较分析来研究鸟类筑巢行为的细节。筑巢是物体操纵的绝佳模型：大多数鸟类都会筑巢；巢可以由各种各样的材料制成，包括植物、动物和人造物体。我的方法包括两种互补的方法：行为实验，建立鸟类处理鸟巢材料时的详细动作，以及大规模的计算模型，研究喙形和鸟巢材料是否一起进化。为了研究各种动物的体型和筑巢材料特征之间的相互作用，我将使用三种鸟类：白眉织布雀、斑胸草雀和仓燕，因为这些物种有不同的喙形，使用不同类型的筑巢材料。为了确定鸟类在筑巢过程中是如何移动它们的喙的，我将在英国、南非和日本进行行为实验，通过我的国际合作伙伴关系，我将与我的东道主苏珊·希利教授、埃克塞特大学的安迪·杨博士和SOKENDAI的长谷川昌博士合作。为了从行为实验的视频片段中获取和分析鸟类运动的信息，我将开发自动跟踪软件，并与爱丁堡大学的芭芭拉·韦伯教授合作，使用机器学习分析数据。从实验和分析中，我将能够告诉鸟类使用什么技术来处理不同的鸟巢材料，以及当材料改变其物理性质时，这些技术是如何变化的。在项目的后半部分，我将在达勒姆大学的Sally Street博士、圣安德鲁斯大学的Kevin Laland教授和Catherine Sheard博士的监督下，构建一个全球模型，以检查喙形是否随着各种鸟类的筑巢材料而进化。使用这两种方法（行为实验和进化模型），从精细到全球范围，我将确定票据操纵物体的优势和局限性，最终提供对人类双手真正独特特征的见解。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Space, the original frontier

空间，最初的边疆

DOI：
10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101106
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
影响因子：
5
作者：
Healy S
通讯作者：
Healy S

Beak shape and nest material use in birds.

DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2022.0147
发表时间：
2023-08-28
期刊：
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Sheard, Catherine;Street, Sally E.;Evans, Caitlin;Lala, Kevin N.;Healy, Susan D.;Sugasawa, Shoko
通讯作者：
Sugasawa, Shoko

Object manipulation without hands.

无需双手即可操纵物体。