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Exploiting night-time traits to improve wheat yield and water use efficiency in the warming climate of North-western Mexico

在墨西哥西北部气候变暖的情况下，利用夜间性状提高小麦产量和水分利用效率

基本信息

批准号：
BB/S012834/1
负责人：
Erik Murchie
金额：
$ 68.94万
依托单位：
University of Nottingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS012834%2F1
关键词：
Exploiting night time traits improve

项目摘要

Wheat is the most widely grown cereal crop in the world: over 35 % of humans are reliant on it as a staple food source. Yields (tonnes per hectare) of wheat are variable, depending on local climate and the availability of resources such as water. Due to factors such as an increasing human population and pressures on land use there is a need to continually improve the 'genetic yield' of wheat. However the annual yield gains are increasingly threatened by the double impact of rising atmospheric temperatures and lowered water availability caused by climate change. Vulnerable wheat producing regions, including Mexico, face lowered productivity and economic difficulties if wheat yields decline or fail as a result of adverse temperatures and/or water availability. Therefore generating wheat lines with increased water use efficiency and high temperature tolerance is critically important. This project proposal aims to generate novel genetic and physiological information that is necessary to improve water use efficiency and heat tolerance of wheat in NW Mexico. High temperature and water availability have a clear negative relationship. Temperature is also a regulator of plant and crop processes, being central to the regulation of development. High temperatures can be a major source of stress, affecting photosynthesis, respiration, photorespiration and the generation of active oxygen. Water is important for wheat yields in Mexico with up to 84 % of wheat in this country requiring irrigation. There is also strong evidence that the mean temperatures in NW Mexico are rapidly rising. However it is becoming clear that the minimum (NIGHT TIME) temperatures are contributing to yield decline in cereals. Despite this, most work has focussed on the effect of day time temperatures while very little is known about nocturnal traits and their genetic regulation. Here we focus on the puzzle of night time water loss and its relationship with increasing night time temperatures: it is known that wheat leaves can lose a substantial amount of water at night via transpiration (even under drought) and there is genetic variation for this trait. This project will overcome this knowledge gap by producing novel techniques for night time screening of promising wheat germplasm for night time transpiration. We will apply methods for manipulating nocturnal temperatures of experimental crops in the field in the Sonoran region.This project will bring together expert groups: the University of Nottingham (UK) which has expertise in photosynthetic and root phenotyping of wheat crops; Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora with expertise in water and environmental science; The Earlham Institute (UK) for wheat genomic analysis. This partnership is necessary for this project to succeed and to apply results that will result in improved wheat lines for the NW Mexico region. We will develop new tools for night time phenotyping of wheat leaf conductance under different minimum temperatures and apply them to a genetically diverse panel of wheat in the field (Sonora) and in controlled environments (UK). We will characterise novel variation in night time (and day time) conductance, link this to yield in water- irrigated and water limited conditions. We will gain new understanding of the shoot and root physiological mechanisms that give rise to this interesting and important process, pinpointing any tradeoffs that may exist. Genotyping of these lines will give rise to markers that can immediately be used in breeding wheat that will be used to improve and maintain wheat yields in NW Mexico. Hence this project will be of immediate benefit to growers in this region and will be a substantial contribution to 'climate-proof' agriculture and the local economy.

小麦是世界上种植最广泛的谷类作物：超过35%的人类依赖它作为主食来源。小麦产量(每公顷吨)是不同的，取决于当地的气候和水资源等资源的可获得性。由于人口增长和土地利用压力等因素，有必要不断提高小麦的“遗传产量”。然而，气候变化导致的大气温度上升和可用水减少的双重影响越来越威胁到年度产量的增长。如果小麦产量因不利的气温和/或水资源供应而下降或停产，包括墨西哥在内的脆弱小麦产区将面临生产率下降和经济困难。因此，培育水分利用效率高、耐高温能力强的小麦品系具有重要意义。该项目提案旨在产生新的遗传和生理信息，这是提高墨西哥西北部小麦水分利用效率和耐热性所必需的。高温与水分利用率之间存在明显的负相关关系。温度也是植物和作物过程的调节器，是调控发育的核心。高温可能是压力的主要来源，影响光合作用、呼吸作用、光呼吸和活性氧的产生。水对墨西哥的小麦产量很重要，该国高达84%的小麦需要灌溉。也有强有力的证据表明，墨西哥西北部的平均气温正在迅速上升。然而，越来越明显的是，最低(夜间)气温是谷物产量下降的原因之一。尽管如此，大多数工作都集中在白天温度的影响上，而对夜间特征及其基因调控知之甚少。在这里，我们关注夜间水分损失及其与夜间温度升高的关系：众所周知，小麦叶片在夜间通过蒸腾作用(即使在干旱情况下)可以失去大量水分，这一特征存在遗传变异。该项目将通过创造夜间筛选有希望的夜间蒸腾小麦种质的新技术来克服这一知识鸿沟。我们将应用控制索诺兰地区田间试验作物夜间温度的方法。该项目将汇集专家小组：诺丁汉大学(英国)，它在小麦作物的光合作用和根部表型方面有专长；索诺拉技术研究所，在水和环境科学方面有专长；厄勒姆研究所(英国)，用于小麦基因组分析。这种伙伴关系对于这一项目的成功和成果的应用是必要的，这些成果将导致墨西哥西北部地区小麦品系的改善。我们将开发新的工具，用于不同最低温度下小麦叶片电导率的夜间表型，并将它们应用于田间(Sonora)和受控环境(UK)的遗传多样性小麦小组。我们将描述夜间(和白天)电导率的新变化，将其与灌溉和限水条件下的产量联系起来。我们将对导致这一有趣而重要的过程的地上部和根部的生理机制有新的理解，找出可能存在的任何权衡。对这些品系进行基因分型将产生可立即用于育种小麦的标记，这些标记将用于提高和保持墨西哥西北部的小麦产量。因此，该项目将为该地区的种植者带来立竿见影的好处，并将对‘气候保护’农业和当地经济做出重大贡献。