Evaluating iron and zinc bioavailability from biofortified potatoes to reduce malnutrition in the Andean highlands.

评估生物强化马铃薯的铁和锌生物利用度，以减少安第斯高地的营养不良。

• 批准号: BB/S014039/1
• 负责人: Richard Mithen
• 金额: $ 127.56万
• 依托单位: Quadram Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS014039%2F1
• 关键词: Evaluating; iron; zinc; bioavailability; biofortified

Iron and zinc deficiency are global problems, with high prevalence in Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and South America. While iron and zinc supplementation and food fortification programmes have been shown to be efficacious in certain situations, their implementation requires good infrastructure, significant investment and safe delivery systems. The development of crops with enhanced levels of bioavailable iron and zinc - so called biofortification - is a sustainable and cost-effective complementary strategy that has the potential to provide sufficient iron and zinc for resource poor rural and urban communities, such as those in the Andean highlands. There has been significant effort within the international community to breed new varieties of staple crops that have enhanced levels of iron and/or zinc. It is however difficult to predict whether the additional iron and zinc in biofortified crops would be bioavailable - that is effectively absorbed from the diet into the body to improve iron and zinc status. The risk in breeding these biofortified crops is that the investment in crop development will have limited impact if the iron and zinc is not bioavailable. Iron and zinc biofortified potato are an ideal crop to contribute to a reduction in iron and zinc deficiencies in the Andean highlands for two major reasons. Firstly, unlike cereals and legumes, potatoes have very low levels of phytates which inhibit iron bioavailability, and this is combined with a relatively high concentration of vitamin C which promotes iron absorption - an ideal combination to maximize bioavailability. Secondly, potatoes are the major staple in the diet amongst the iron and zinc-deficient Andean population, and are largely consumed without other foods. Thus, while various strategies including agricultural diversification have potential to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies and should be considered in an integrated approach, biological, cultural and economic factors suggest that the introduction of iron and zinc biofortified potatoes may be an effective approach to have a significant contribution to reducing iron and zinc deficiencies. Quantifying the bioavailability of iron and zinc at this time is critical.The bioavailability of iron and zinc from biofortified crops can only be meaningfully quantified through human dietary intervention studies in which foods made from the biofortified crops are labelled with stable isotopes of iron or zinc, which are subsequently quantified human tissues to provide a measure of bioavailability. These studies are technically challenging, but of the utmost importance for the success of biofortification strategies.To quantify the potential impact of the introduction of biofortified potatoes, data from the human studies will be used within a Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) modelling approach. This method has been successfully applied to assess the potential impact of other biofortified crops to alleviate micronutrients deficiencies. Furthermore, we will use data from the proposed research along with that from other studies to develop iron dietary intake guidelines for low and middle-income countries. If we find compelling evidence through the human intervention studies and the subsequent DALY modeling that iron and zinc biofortified potatoes can contribute to alleviation of iron and zinc deficiencies in low and middle income countries, it will provide the justification for investment from the international donor community and national research programmes for further development and selection of clones of diploid and tetraploid potatoes that have enhanced iron and zinc content, and their transfer to national agricultural research programmes in south America, Asia and Africa. Subsequently, these programmes and their associated extension programmes and NGOs will ensure the introduction of biofortified potatoes to small scale farmers in regions of high iron and zinc deficiencies.

铁和锌缺乏症是全球性问题，在亚洲、撒哈拉以南非洲和南美洲发病率很高。虽然铁和锌的补充和食品强化方案已显示在某些情况下是有效的，但其执行需要良好的基础设施、大量投资和安全的运送系统。发展生物可利用铁和锌含量更高的作物——即所谓的生物强化——是一种可持续和具有成本效益的补充战略，有可能为资源贫乏的农村和城市社区，例如安第斯高地的社区，提供足够的铁和锌。国际社会在培育富含铁和（或）锌的主要作物新品种方面作出了重大努力。然而，很难预测生物强化作物中额外的铁和锌是否具有生物可利用性——即从饮食中有效地吸收到体内以改善铁和锌的状态。培育这些生物强化作物的风险在于，如果铁和锌不是生物可利用的，那么对作物开发的投资将产生有限的影响。铁锌生物强化马铃薯是有助于减少安第斯高原铁锌缺乏症的理想作物，主要有两个原因。首先，与谷物和豆类不同，马铃薯中抑制铁生物利用度的植酸盐含量非常低，而这与促进铁吸收的相对高浓度的维生素C相结合——这是最大化生物利用度的理想组合。其次，在缺乏铁和锌的安第斯人的饮食中，土豆是主要的主食，而且在很大程度上没有其他食物。因此，虽然包括农业多样化在内的各种战略有可能减轻微量营养素缺乏症，应以综合办法加以考虑，但生物、文化和经济因素表明，引进铁和锌生物强化马铃薯可能是一种有效办法，对减少铁和锌缺乏症有重大贡献。在这个时候定量铁和锌的生物利用度是至关重要的。生物强化作物中铁和锌的生物利用度只能通过人类饮食干预研究进行有意义的量化，在这些研究中，由生物强化作物制成的食物被标记上铁或锌的稳定同位素，随后对人体组织进行量化，以提供生物利用度的测量。这些研究在技术上具有挑战性，但对生物强化策略的成功至关重要。为了量化引入生物强化马铃薯的潜在影响，将在残疾调整生命年（DALY）建模方法中使用来自人类研究的数据。该方法已成功地应用于评估其他生物强化作物对减轻微量营养素缺乏的潜在影响。此外，我们将使用拟议研究的数据以及其他研究的数据来制定低收入和中等收入国家的铁饮食摄入指南。如果我们通过人为干预研究和随后的DALY模型找到令人信服的证据，表明铁和锌生物强化马铃薯可以有助于减轻低收入和中等收入国家的铁和锌缺乏症，这将为国际捐助界和国家研究计划提供投资的理由，以进一步开发和选择铁和锌含量更高的二倍体和四倍体马铃薯的克隆。以及将它们转移到南美、亚洲和非洲的国家农业研究项目。随后，这些方案及其相关的推广方案和非政府组织将确保向铁和锌严重缺乏地区的小农引进生物强化马铃薯。

项目成果

Biofortified Yellow-Fleshed Potatoes Provide More Absorbable Zinc than a Commonly Consumed Variety: A Randomized Trial Using Stable Isotopes in Women in the Peruvian Highlands.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.028
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: The Journal of nutrition
• 作者: Liria-Domínguez R;Penny M;Kroon PA;Burgos G;Dainty J;Zeder C;Zimmermann MB;King J;Mithen R;Boy E;Al-Jaiballi O;Fairweather-Tait S
• 通讯作者: Fairweather-Tait S

Biofortified Yellow-Fleshed Potatoes Provide More Absorbable Zinc than a Commonly Consumed Variety: A Randomized Trial Using Stable Isotopes in Women in the Peruvian Highlands

生物强化黄肉马铃薯比常用品种提供更多可吸收的锌：对秘鲁高地妇女使用稳定同位素进行的随机试验

• DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000637215
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Liria-Domínguez, Reyna

Iron Absorption from Iron-Biofortified Sweetpotato Is Higher Than Regular Sweetpotato in Malawian Women while Iron Absorption from Regular and Iron-Biofortified Potatoes Is High in Peruvian Women.

• DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa267
• 发表时间: 2020-12-10
• 期刊: The Journal of nutrition
• 作者: Jongstra R;Mwangi MN;Burgos G;Zeder C;Low JW;Mzembe G;Liria R;Penny M;Andrade MI;Fairweather-Tait S;Zum Felde T;Campos H;Phiri KS;Zimmermann MB;Wegmüller R
• 通讯作者: Wegmüller R

Total Iron Absorbed from Iron-Biofortified Potatoes Is Higher than that from Nonbiofortified Potatoes: A Randomized Trial Using Stable Iron Isotopes in Women from the Peruvian Highlands.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.04.010
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: The Journal of nutrition
• 作者: Burgos G;Liria R;Zeder C;Kroon PA;Hareau G;Penny M;Dainty J;Al-Jaibaji O;Boy E;Mithen R;Hurrell RF;Salas E;Zum Felde T;Zimmermann MB;Fairweather-Tait S
• 通讯作者: Fairweather-Tait S

Total Iron Absorbed from Iron-Biofortified Potatoes Is Higher than that from Nonbiofortified Potatoes: A Randomized Trial Using Stable Iron Isotopes in Women from the Peruvian Highlands

铁生物强化马铃薯吸收的铁总量高于非生物强化马铃薯：一项使用稳定铁同位素对秘鲁高地女性进行的随机试验

• DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000615786
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Burgos, Gabriela