CIRCADIAN RETINAL MOTILITY ROLE OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES

这项研究计划的目的是调查cAMP的作用， 钙和激素在硬骨鱼的光照和昼夜调节中的作用 视网膜运动。视网膜运动是由伸长产生的 光感受器的收缩和色素颗粒的迁移 RPE。它们用来定位感光器和筛选色素 最佳的白天或夜间视力。在持续的黑暗中，视网膜运动 持续存在；因此它们似乎受到昼夜节律的调节 灯。我们已经证明，cAMP诱导的运动具有以下特征 光感受器和RPE中的黑暗(夜间)，这种钙是 锥体收缩。在本申请中，我们建议(1)调查 CAMP在促进暗适应视网膜运动中的作用 黑暗和cAMP诱导的RPE和离体RPE中的蛋白磷酸化 包含内段和外段(IS/OS)的光感受器片段。 这些碎片的内段是能动的。(2)我们会进行调查 钙和钙调蛋白在调节视网膜运动中的作用 钙调素结合蛋白的鉴定及钙依赖性检测 RPE和光感受器IS/OS中的蛋白质磷酸化。(3)我们会 光对光感受器cAMP和cGMP水平的影响 放射免疫法测定IS/OS。(4)最后，我们将考察 已知激素对培养的视网膜运动中cAMP水平的影响 视网膜，对RPE和光感受器IS/OS cAMP水平和蛋白质的影响 磷酸化。我们相信从这些研究中获得的信息 将提供线索，说明这些制剂在调节更一般的 急性淋巴细胞白血病光感受器和视网膜色素上皮的代谢和生理过程 物种。

The objective of this research program is to investigate the roles of cAMP, calcium, and hormones in the light- and circadian-regulation of teleost retinomotor movements. Retinomotor movements are produced by elongation and contraction of photoreceptors and migration of pigment granules within the RPE. They serve to position photoreceptors and screening pigment for optimal day or night vision. In constant darkness retinomotor movements persist; thus they appear to be regulated by circadian rhythm as well as light. We have shown that cAMP induces movements characteristic of darkness (night) in photoreceptors and RPE and that calcium is required for cone contraction. In this application we propose (1) to investigate the role of cAMP in promoting dark-adaptive retinomotor movements by examining dark- and cAMP-induced protein phosphorylation in RPE and in isolated photoreceptor fragments which contain inner and outer segments (IS/OS). The inner segments of these fragments are motile. (2) We will investigate the roles of calcium and calmodulin in regulating retinomotor movements by identifying calmodulin-binding proteins and examining calcium dependent protein phosphorylation in RPE and photoreceptor IS/OS. (3) We will investigate the effects of light on cAMP and cGMP levels in photoreceptor IS/OS by radioimmunoassay. (4) Finally we will examine the effects of hormones known to infuence cAMP levels on retinomotor movements in cultured retinas, on RPE and photoreceptor IS/OS cAMP levels, and on protein phosphorylation. We believe that information obtained from these studies will provide clues to the roles of these agents in regulating more general metabolic and physiological processes of photoreceptors and RPE in all species.