INSPIRE: Tradeoffs in the Thermodynamics of Computation: A New Paradigm for Biological Information-Processing

INSPIRE：计算热力学的权衡：生物信息处理的新范式

• 批准号: 1648973
• 负责人: David Wolpert
• 金额: $ 99.99万
• 依托单位: Santa Fe Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1648973&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: INSPIRE; Tradeoffs; Thermodynamics; Computation; New

This INSPIRE project is jointly funded by the Chemistry of Life Processes Program in the Division of Chemistry in the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, the Physics of Living Systems and Computational Physics Programs in the Division of Physics in the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, the Systems and Synthetic Biology Cluster in the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences in the Directorate for Biological Sciences, the INSPIRE Program and the Office of International Science and Engineering in the Office of Integrative Activities. This award is funding Dr. David Wolpert from the Santa Fe Institute, Dr. Seth Lloyd from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Dr. Sebastian Deffner from the University of Maryland, to exploit the powerful new tools of non-equilibrium statistical physics that analyzing the energy tradeoffs inherent in all computation. Energy (thermodynamic) costs of computational systems play a role in everything from human-engineered computers (which release heat energy equal to about 5% of the annual energy expenditure in the US) to biological systems (which must harvest enough energy from their environment to fulfill their needs to think and move). To investigate these energy costs, this project pursues three, synergistic research thrusts. The research analyzes the fundamental energy tradeoffs faced by intracellular biochemical networks. The project analyzes the energy tradeoffs that engineers face when designing new computer technologies. Finally, the research integrate the energy tradeoffs of computational processes into the theory of computation. This project allows graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to acquire the skills needed for expanding what is known about the energy requirements of computation. In addition, the workshops held under the auspices of this project are building intellectual bridges connecting the multiple scientific disciplines that involve computational systems. Such brides are crucial to the development of a broadly applicable theory of thermodynamics of computation. This research project is undertaken to quantitatively analyze the tradeoffs relating the minimal free energy requirements and dissipation of a computer on the one hand, to several high-level properties of that computer on the other. This analysis considers the speed of the computer; the number of hidden internal states the computer can use as buffers; the variability of the inputs to the computer and the degree and type of noise in the computer. In addition to theoretical aspects of these issues and their consequences for computation theory, this research into the thermodynamics of computation is conducted in several domains that include: chromatin computers, the computation performed during RNA folding, the computation performed by biochemical networks and post-Moore computers that exploit "hybrid computation" involving both quantum and classical components. It is expected that, in addition to providing major insight into the role of the thermodynamics of computation in all those domains, this project may lay the foundation for an overarching theory of thermodynamics of computation in general.

这个INSPIRE项目由数学和物理科学局化学处的生命过程化学计划、数学和物理科学局物理司的生命系统物理和计算物理计划、生物科学局分子和细胞生物科学部的系统和合成生物学集群、INSPIRE计划和综合活动办公室的国际科学和工程办公室共同资助。该奖项资助圣达菲研究所的David Wolpert博士、麻省理工学院的Seth Lloyd博士和马里兰大学的Sebastian Deffner博士利用非平衡统计物理的强大新工具，分析所有计算中固有的能量权衡。计算系统的能源(热力学)成本在方方面面都发挥着作用，从人类工程计算机(释放的热能相当于美国每年能源支出的5%)到生物系统(生物系统必须从环境中获取足够的能量来满足他们思考和移动的需求)。为了调查这些能源成本，该项目进行了三项协同研究。这项研究分析了细胞内生化网络面临的基本能量权衡。该项目分析了工程师在设计新的计算机技术时面临的能源权衡。最后，研究将计算过程的能量权衡整合到计算理论中。这个项目允许研究生和博士后研究员获得所需的技能，以扩大已知的计算能源需求。此外，在该项目的赞助下举办的讲习班正在搭建连接涉及计算系统的多个科学学科的智力桥梁。这样的桥梁对于发展一种广泛适用的计算热力学理论至关重要。这项研究项目是为了定量地分析计算机的最小自由能需求和耗散与该计算机的几个高级属性之间的权衡。这种分析考虑了计算机的速度；计算机可以用作缓冲区的隐藏内部状态的数量；计算机输入的可变性，以及计算机中的噪音程度和类型。除了这些问题的理论方面及其对计算理论的影响外，这项对计算热力学的研究在几个领域进行，包括：染色质计算机、在RNA折叠过程中执行的计算、生化网络执行的计算以及利用涉及量子和经典成分的“混合计算”的后摩尔计算机。预计，除了对计算热力学在所有这些领域中的作用提供重大洞察外，该项目还可能为总体上的计算热力学理论奠定基础。

项目成果

Thermodynamics of computing with circuits

电路计算的热力学

• DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab82b8
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: New Journal of Physics
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Wolpert, David H.;Kolchinsky, Artemy
• 通讯作者: Kolchinsky, Artemy

Dependence of dissipation on the initial distribution over states

• DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/aa7ee1
• 发表时间: 2017-08-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Kolchinsky, Artemy;Wolpert, David H.
• 通讯作者: Wolpert, David H.

Trade-Off Between Speed and Cost in Shortcuts to Adiabaticity

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.100601
• 发表时间: 2017-03-08
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Campbell, Steve;Deffner, Sebastian
• 通讯作者: Deffner, Sebastian

Bosons outperform fermions: The thermodynamic advantage of symmetry

• DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012110
• 发表时间: 2020-01-08
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW E
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Myers, Nathan M.;Deffner, Sebastian
• 通讯作者: Deffner, Sebastian

Diagonal quantum discord

• DOI: 10.1088/1751-8121/ab0774
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
• 作者: Zi-Wen Liu;Ryuji Takagi;S. Lloyd