OPTICAL STUDIES OF PHOTORECEPTOR FUNCTION

光感受器功能的光学研究

• 批准号: 3256198
• 负责人: MICHAEL W KAPLAN
• 金额: $ 13.63万
• 依托单位: GOOD SAMARITAN HOSP & MED CTR(PRTLND,OR)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-08-01 至 1990-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3256198
• 关键词: Anura; Macaca mulatta; birefringences; circadian rhythms; cytoskeleton; cytotoxicity; dark adaptation; eye pharmacology; fluorescence microscopy; histochemistry /cytochemistry; homeostasis; human tissue; image processing; immunochemistry; laboratory rat; light adaptations; malonaldehyde; melatonin; membrane lipids; membrane reconstitution /synthesis; membrane structure; microscopy; microspectrophotometry; neurophysiology; nutrition disorders; peroxidation; retina disorder; rod cell; vision; visual photoreceptor; visual photosensitivity

The long range objectives of this proposal are to understand the following aspects of vertebrate retinal photoreceptor renewal: 1) Why do the light-sensitive disk membranes in photoreceptor outer segments need to be replaced at such a rapid rate and metabolic expense? 2) What regulates the balance between new disk synthesis an old disk shedding to maintain rod photoreceptors in a homeostatic state? 3) Are deficiencies in the processes of disk assembly or shedding responsible for photoreceptor pathological states such as those found in phototoxic responses, retinal detachment or nutritional deficiencies? Specific aims of the study are to use light microscope methods in conjunction with immunohistochemistry and spectroscopy to investigate the following: 1) What role does lipid peroxidation play in structural and functional changes found in rod cell disk membranes as they get older? 2) Do cytoskeletal elements and circadian chemical changes (melatonin) control disk membrane synethesis? 3) Are cytoskeletal elements or proximity of distal disks with the pigment epithelium relevant cues for triggering disk shedding? 4) What effects do photosensitizing drugs, nutritional deficiencies and retinal detachment have on disk assembly and axial displacement as measured by optical inhomogeneities (light-dark cycle dependent transaxial birefringence bands, membrane refractive index bands) or by axial movement of dye-labeled disk membranes? 5) Does the donor age have any observable effect upon human photoreceptor optical properties?

该提案的长期目标是了解以下内容 脊椎动物视网膜感光细胞更新的各个方面： 1) 为什么 光感受器外节中的光敏圆盘膜需要 以如此快的速度和代谢消耗进行更换？ 2）什么规定 新盘合成与旧盘脱落维持杆之间的平衡 光感受器处于稳态？ 3) 是否存在缺陷 负责感光器的圆盘组装或脱落过程 病理状态，例如光毒性反应、视网膜中发现的病理状态 脱离或营养缺乏？ 该研究的具体目标是使用光学显微镜方法 结合免疫组织化学和光谱学来研究 以下：1）脂质过氧化在结构和功能中起什么作用？ 随着年龄的增长，杆状细胞盘膜的功能发生变化吗？ 2） 细胞骨架元素和昼夜化学变化（褪黑素）控制吗 盘膜合成？ 3) 是细胞骨架元件还是邻近元件 具有色素上皮的远端椎间盘与触发椎间盘相关的线索 脱落？ 4）光敏药物、营养品有什么作用 缺陷和视网膜脱离具有盘组件和轴向 通过光学不均匀性（光暗循环）测量的位移 相关的跨轴双折射带、膜折射率带） 或者通过染料标记的圆盘膜的轴向运动？ 5) 捐献者年龄是否 对人类感光器光学特性有任何可观察到的影响吗？