PRESBYOPIA: THE AGING PROCESS OF ACCOMODATIVE MECHANISM

虽然老花眼并不是一个毁灭性的眼科问题，但它是 影响所有正值壮年的人的单纯性眼疾 富有成效的生活。尽管如此，几乎没有人做过研究。 关于它的病因，可能是因为在此之前没有已知的动物 老花眼的模型，因为它被认为是不可避免的 随着数学确定性的发展而产生的痛苦。然而，这一教条 是基于一项不符合当前生物统计学标准的研究。 最近，有研究表明，恒河猴可能是一种 人类老花眼的优秀模型：此模型中的调节幅度 物种从一岁时30-40度的屈光度下降到 到31岁时几乎为零。这个项目的长期目标是 用恒河猴和可能的其他合适的动物来阐明 模型，导致持续下降的机制 调节幅度；隔离生物和/或环境 影响这种下降速度的因素，因此决定了 老花眼的发病；并找到预防其发病的方法。我们的 五年期间的具体目标是：界定自然历史和 老花眼发展的时间进程；并描述 晶状体、带状和纤毛机制与正常 并导致随年龄增长的住宿性下降 幅度。基本信息(折射率和轴向尺寸 休息和调节的眼睛、角膜曲率等)。将被收集 对威斯康星州笼养恒河猴种群的5年时间 地区灵长类中心(可用年龄范围：0.5-31岁)，以及 加勒比自由放养恒河猴(可供选择的年龄范围：1-20岁) 灵长类动物研究中心，P.R.更详细的裂隙灯显微镜和 动态屈光研究将在虹膜剥离猕猴和/或 食蟹猴的眼睛。还将进行侵入性实验，以确定 刺激持续透镜状生长的因素或可能以其他方式 导致调节幅度持续下降。更好的 了解决定因素的生物和环境因素 通融损失率是接受合同的先决条件。 老花眼的必然性或寻找一些实用的方法 防止这种痛苦的发生。

While presbyopia is not a devastating opthalmological problem, it is the ony ocular affliction which affects all individuals at the prime of their productive lives. Despite this, there is very little research being done on its etiology, probably because until not there were no known animal models for presbyopia and because it has been regarded as an inevitable affliction which develops with mathematical certainty. However, this dogma is based on a study which would not meet current biostatistical standards. Recently, it has been shown that the rhesus monkey may serve as an excellent model for human presbyopia: the accommodative amplitude in this species decreases from a remarkable 30-40 diopters in one-year-olds to almost zero by the age of 31. The long-term goal of this project is to elucidate, using the rhesus monkey and possibly other suitable animal models, the mechanisms which result in a continuous decrease in the accommodative amplitude; to isolate the biological and/or environmental factors which affect the rate of this decrease and, hence, determine the onset of presbyopia; and to find means to forestall its onset. Our specific aims for the 5-year period are: to define the natural history and the time-course of development of presbyopia; and to describe the lenticular, zonular, and ciliary mechansims which are involved in normal accommodation and contribute to the age-dependent decline in accomodative amplitude. Basic information (refractive power and axial dimensions of the resting and accommodated eye, corneal curvature, etc). will be collected over a 5-year period on populations of caged rhesus at the Wisconsin Regional Primate Center (available age range: 0.5-31 years), and free-ranging rhesus (available age range: 1-20 years) at the Carribean Primate Research Center, P.R. More detailed slit-lamp photomicroscopic and dynamic refraction studies will be done on iridectomizes rhesus and/or cynomolgus eyes. Invasive experiments will also be done to identify factors which stimulate continuous lenticular growth or may in other ways contribute to the continuing decrease in accommodative amplitude. A better understanding of the biological and environmental factors which determine the rate of accomodative loss is a prerequisite for the acceptance of the inevitability of presbyopia or for finding some practical means to forestall the onset of this affliction.