TRACE ELEMENT DYNAMICS IN THE VERTEBRATE EYE

土壤中铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)和硒(Se)的含量 许多哺乳动物的眼内液和血浆都有 用电热原子吸收光谱法测定 (EaaS)使用正在进行的项目中开发的方法。血浆中含有 这些元素的浓度比IOF高得多。在……里面 血浆中几乎所有的铜都与α2球蛋白结合， 铜蓝蛋白、铁与转铁蛋白结合、硒与谷胱甘肽结合 过氧化物酶。在兔眼炎症过程中，房水 所有这些元素的浓度增加的同时， 蛋白质浓度，很可能是由于血浆蛋白质的流入 当血-房水屏障被破坏时。尽管这些蛋白质是 有效的抗氧化剂，并可能在炎症中发挥重要作用 反应和其他疾病状态，它们在眼睛中的可能作用 炎症和疾病还没有被研究过。例如，铜蓝蛋白 能氧化多种底物，包括5-羟色胺和抗坏血酸； 与后者的相互作用是组胺溶解。黄曲霉的铁氧合酶活性 这种蛋白质可以通过催化高亲和力来保护铁的损伤。 铁离子与转铁蛋白的结合。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶可以 使过氧化氢失活。尽管据推测， 炎症期间IOF中的微量元素浓度是由于 血浆蛋白的大量流入，这一点还没有得到证实。此外 转铁蛋白和铜蓝蛋白可以释放它们携带的铜和铁， 在输入IOFS时。为了确定这些元素是否进入 IOF结合到它们的载体蛋白上，以及它们随后的命运， 已开发出按分子量分离蛋白质的方法。 用高效液相色谱凝胶过滤和分析得到的痕量组分 使用EAAS的元素内容。这项技术将被应用于分析 兔正常眼、炎症眼及正常眼和炎症眼的IOF 我们眼科门诊治疗的各种动物的病眼 和外科课程(物种包括：狗、猫、牛、羊、猪、 马、小马等)。此外，血浆蛋白的活性 将测量在这些条件下IOF中可能存在的 以期确定它们的作用(例如，有益或有害) 可能在眼睛对损伤、炎症和疾病的反应中发挥作用。

The concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) in the intraocular fluids (IOFs) and plasma of a number of mammalian species have been determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry (EAAS) using methods developed in an ongoing project. The plasma contains considerably higher concentrations of these elements than the IOFs. In plasma almost all of the Cu is bound to the alpha 2-globulin, ceruloplasmin, Fe is bound to transferrin and Se to glutathione peroxidase. During ocular inflammation in rabbits, the aqueous humor concentration of all these elements increase in parallel to the increase in protein concentration, most likely due to the influx of plasma proteins when the blood-aqueous barrier is disrupted. Although these proteins are effective anti-oxidants and may play an important role in the inflammatory response and other disease states, their possible roles in ocular inflammation and disease have not been studied. For example, ceruloplasmin can oxidize a number of substrates, including serotonin and ascorbic acid; interaction with the latter is histaminolytic. The ferroxidase activity of this protein can protect against iron damage by catalyzing high affinity binding of ferric ions to transferrin. Glutathione peroxidase can inactivate hydrogen peroxide. Although it is assumed that the increase in trace element concentration in the IOFs during inflammation is due to the influx of plasma proteins, this has not been proven. In addition transferrin and ceruloplasmin may release the Cu and Fe, which they carry, upon entering the IOFs. In order to determine whether these elements enter the IOFs bound to their carrier proteins, and their subsequent fate, a method has been developed for separation of proteins by molecular weight using HPLC gel filtration and analysis of the resulting fractions for trace element content using EAAS. The technique will be applied to an analysis of the IOFs from normal and inflamed eyes of rabbits and normal and diseased eyes of various animal species treated in our ophthalmology clinic and surgery classes (species include: dogs, cats, cows, sheep, pigs, horses, ponies, etc.). Furthermore, the activities of the plasma proteins which may be present in the IOFs under these conditions will be measured with a view to determining what role (e.g. beneficial or detrimental) they may play in the ocular response to injury, inflammation and disease.