TRACE ELEMENT DYNAMICS IN THE VERTEBRATE EYE

结果表明，在不同的实验条件下， 许多哺乳动物物种的眼内液（IOF）和血浆具有 采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定 （EAAS）使用正在进行的项目中开发的方法。 血浆中含有 这些元素的浓度远高于IOFs。 在 血浆中几乎所有的Cu都与α 2-球蛋白结合， 铁与转铁蛋白结合，硒与谷胱甘肽结合 过氧化物酶。 在兔眼炎症期间， 所有这些元素的浓度增加平行的增加， 蛋白浓度，最可能是由于血浆蛋白的流入 当血-房水屏障被破坏时。 虽然这些蛋白质 有效的抗氧化剂，并可能在炎症中发挥重要作用， 反应和其他疾病状态，它们在眼 炎症和疾病尚未研究。 例如，血浆铜蓝蛋白 可以氧化许多底物，包括血清素和抗坏血酸; 与后者的相互作用是组胺溶解性的。 铁氧化酶活性 这种蛋白质可以通过催化高亲和性， 铁离子与转铁蛋白的结合。 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶可以 过氧化氢。 尽管人们认为， 炎症期间IOFs中的微量元素浓度是由于 血浆蛋白的流入，这还没有得到证实。 此外 转铁蛋白和血浆铜蓝蛋白可以释放它们携带的Cu和Fe， 在进入IOFs时。 为了确定这些元素是否进入 IOFs与其载体蛋白结合，以及它们随后的命运， 发展了一种按分子量分离蛋白质的方法 使用HPLC凝胶过滤并分析所得级分的痕量 使用EAAS的元素含量。 该技术将应用于分析 从正常和发炎的兔眼和正常和 在我们的眼科诊所治疗的各种动物的患病眼睛 和外科类（物种包括：狗、猫、牛、羊、猪， 马、矮种马等）。 此外，血浆蛋白的活性 在这些条件下， 为了确定它们的作用（例如，有利或有害）， 可能在眼睛对损伤、炎症和疾病的反应中起作用。

The concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) in the intraocular fluids (IOFs) and plasma of a number of mammalian species have been determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry (EAAS) using methods developed in an ongoing project. The plasma contains considerably higher concentrations of these elements than the IOFs. In plasma almost all of the Cu is bound to the alpha 2-globulin, ceruloplasmin, Fe is bound to transferrin and Se to glutathione peroxidase. During ocular inflammation in rabbits, the aqueous humor concentration of all these elements increase in parallel to the increase in protein concentration, most likely due to the influx of plasma proteins when the blood-aqueous barrier is disrupted. Although these proteins are effective anti-oxidants and may play an important role in the inflammatory response and other disease states, their possible roles in ocular inflammation and disease have not been studied. For example, ceruloplasmin can oxidize a number of substrates, including serotonin and ascorbic acid; interaction with the latter is histaminolytic. The ferroxidase activity of this protein can protect against iron damage by catalyzing high affinity binding of ferric ions to transferrin. Glutathione peroxidase can inactivate hydrogen peroxide. Although it is assumed that the increase in trace element concentration in the IOFs during inflammation is due to the influx of plasma proteins, this has not been proven. In addition transferrin and ceruloplasmin may release the Cu and Fe, which they carry, upon entering the IOFs. In order to determine whether these elements enter the IOFs bound to their carrier proteins, and their subsequent fate, a method has been developed for separation of proteins by molecular weight using HPLC gel filtration and analysis of the resulting fractions for trace element content using EAAS. The technique will be applied to an analysis of the IOFs from normal and inflamed eyes of rabbits and normal and diseased eyes of various animal species treated in our ophthalmology clinic and surgery classes (species include: dogs, cats, cows, sheep, pigs, horses, ponies, etc.). Furthermore, the activities of the plasma proteins which may be present in the IOFs under these conditions will be measured with a view to determining what role (e.g. beneficial or detrimental) they may play in the ocular response to injury, inflammation and disease.