Bio-Manufacturing textiles from waste

利用废物生物制造纺织品

• 批准号: BB/T017023/1
• 负责人: Neil Bruce
• 金额: $ 80.15万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FT017023%2F1
• 关键词: Bio; Manufacturing; textiles; waste

There is increasing concern about the environmental impacts of the fashion sector. The UK alone sends more than 1 million tonnes of textiles to landfill and incineration every year. In addition, the environmental footprint of textile production is poor, with cotton being one of the most water and chemically intensive crops grown. Rayon and viscose are semi-synthetic textile fibres made from the chemical regeneration of cellulose extracted from trees. We have developed methods by which we can produce cellulose from agricultural by-products and the biological fraction of municipal solid waste. We propose to use this cellulose as a replacement for that currently derived from trees. Producing these materials from waste will greatly reduce the environmental footprint of textiles. We produce cellulose from waste in two ways. For crop residues such as wheat straw, we use enzymes to purify the cellulose that make up about 40% of this material. The rest of the polysaccharides in straw are converted into simple sugars during this process, and we will use bacterial fermentation to convert these into cellulose using Komagataeibacter xylinus. We will also use the biological fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) to produce cellulose. For this part of the work we will use a fibre produced by the commercial autoclaving of MSW as a feedstock. This fibre contains large amounts of polysaccharides (mostly derived from waste paper and card) that we hydrolyse with enzymes to produce simple sugars that can be fed into our bacterial fermentation system to produce cellulose. Our proposed work involves maximising the productivity of our systems for producing cellulose, trialling the production of viscose-like regenerated fibres from our cellulose, and producing and testing textiles made from these fibres. The proposed work will allow us to increase process efficiency and to generate data to allow us to carry out a techno-economic analysis to assess the commercial viability of this novel process for textile manufacturing. We will also assess the environmental impacts of making textiles in this way using a life cycle analysis. We will produce samples of our fibres and textiles to allow potential end-users to assess their quality, and develop a business plan with companies from across the supply chain from feedstock provision to fashion retailers.

人们越来越关注时装业对环境的影响。仅英国每年就有100多万吨纺织品被送往垃圾填埋场和焚烧。此外，纺织品生产的环境足迹很差，棉花是种植的最耗水和化学品密集的作物之一。人造丝和粘胶是半合成的纺织纤维，由从树木中提取的纤维素化学再生制成。我们已经开发出从农业副产品和城市固体废物的生物组分中生产纤维素的方法。我们建议使用这种纤维素作为目前从树木中提取的纤维素的替代品。从废物中生产这些材料将大大减少纺织品的环境足迹。我们用两种方法从废物中生产纤维素。对于小麦秸秆等作物残留物，我们使用酶来净化占这种材料40%的纤维素。在这个过程中，秸秆中剩余的多糖被转化为单糖，我们将使用Komagataeibacter xylinus进行细菌发酵，将其转化为纤维素。我们还将利用城市固体废物（MSW）的生物部分生产纤维素。在这部分工作中，我们将使用由城市生活垃圾的商业高压灭菌生产的纤维作为原料。这种纤维含有大量的多糖（主要来自废纸和卡片），我们用酶将其水解，产生单糖，这些单糖可以进入我们的细菌发酵系统，从而产生纤维素。我们建议的工作包括最大限度地提高我们生产纤维素系统的生产力，试验用我们的纤维素生产类似粘胶的再生纤维，并生产和测试由这些纤维制成的纺织品。拟议的工作将使我们能够提高工艺效率，并产生数据，使我们能够进行技术经济分析，以评估这种纺织制造新工艺的商业可行性。我们还将使用生命周期分析来评估以这种方式制造纺织品对环境的影响。我们将生产纤维和纺织品的样品，让潜在的最终用户评估它们的质量，并与从原料供应到时装零售商的整个供应链中的公司制定商业计划。

项目成果

Mechanical, chemical, biological: Moving towards closed-loop bio-based recycling in a circular economy of sustainable textiles

机械、化学、生物：在可持续纺织品循环经济中迈向闭环生物基回收

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129325
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Ribul M