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Does the brain speed up when we move?

当我们移动时，大脑会加速吗？

基本信息

批准号：
BB/W01579X/1
负责人：
Aman Saleem
金额：
$ 60.93万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FW01579X%2F1
关键词：
Does brain speed up when

项目摘要

The brain is traditionally divided into sensory and motor parts. The sensory parts - concerned with sight, hearing, or touch - inform an animal about the outside world. The motor parts control the muscles, and allow the animal to move through that world. Surprisingly, however, it is now clear that activity in sensory parts of the brain can also be influenced by self-movement. The purpose of these changes in sensory activity is not known. In this proposal we will test the hypothesis that these changes allow better and faster processing of sensory signals during self-movement. Self-movement changes the patterns of sensory inputs provided to the brain compared to when sitting still. For example, crossing the road induces large and frequent changes in the patterns of light hitting the eye. During self-movement, therefore, the brain must contend with an increased rate of change in sensory signals. How sensory pathways are able to adapt to this increased rate is unknown, and is the focus of our research proposal.We will answer this question by measuring visual responses in the visual pathway of the brain. We will use rodents (mice) as a model system, where the required experimental techniques are well-established. We will measure visual responses while the animal is still, and while it is engaging in self-movement. We will characterise the amplitude and dynamics of brain activity, at the level of single nerve cells, at the level of local brain circuits, and at the level of brain systems. Exploiting recent advances in experimental and computational techniques, which we have helped pioneer, we will measure activity in the output of the eye, the two major targets of the eye, and major areas in the cerebral cortex that process visual signals. Our measurements will therefore show how self-movement changes the speed at which nerve cells react to visual input, how it changes the communication between visual brain areas, and how these neural changes help an animal to see rapidly changing visual scenes. This proposal is important because modern lifestyles are associated with decreased physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour. Active lifestyles are known to improve normal ageing, and have a positive impact on brain function and mental health, including increased attentional capacity and lower incidence of depression. Most previous research has focused on how physical activity leads to changes in the structure of the brain, and it is not known if self-movement also benefits brain function. As well as shedding light on the purpose of movement-related activity in sensory pathways, the proposed work may also help the general understanding of how and why physical activity influences brain function, and contributes to lifelong health. It may also guide the development of new approaches to improving function, or improving therapy, for people with visual disorders.

传统上，大脑分为感觉和运动部分。感觉部分--与视觉、听觉或触觉有关--使动物了解外部世界。运动部分控制肌肉，并允许动物在那个世界中移动。然而，令人惊讶的是，现在很清楚大脑感觉部分的活动也会受到自我运动的影响。这些感觉活动变化的目的尚不清楚。在这个建议中，我们将测试的假设，这些变化允许更好，更快地处理感觉信号在自我运动。与静坐时相比，自我运动改变了提供给大脑的感觉输入模式。例如，过马路会导致光线照射眼睛的模式发生巨大而频繁的变化。因此，在自我运动过程中，大脑必须应对感觉信号的变化。感觉通路如何能够适应这种增加的速度是未知的，这是我们研究计划的重点。我们将通过测量大脑视觉通路中的视觉反应来回答这个问题。我们将使用啮齿类动物（小鼠）作为模型系统，其中所需的实验技术已经得到了很好的建立。我们将测量动物静止时和进行自我运动时的视觉反应。我们将在单个神经细胞的水平上，在局部脑回路的水平上，以及在脑系统的水平上，研究脑活动的幅度和动力学。利用我们帮助开拓的实验和计算技术的最新进展，我们将测量眼睛输出的活动，眼睛的两个主要目标，以及大脑皮层中处理视觉信号的主要区域。因此，我们的测量将显示自我运动如何改变神经细胞对视觉输入的反应速度，它如何改变视觉大脑区域之间的通信，以及这些神经变化如何帮助动物看到快速变化的视觉场景。这一建议很重要，因为现代生活方式与体力活动减少和久坐行为增加有关。众所周知，积极的生活方式可以改善正常的衰老，并对大脑功能和心理健康产生积极影响，包括提高注意力和降低抑郁症的发生率。大多数以前的研究都集中在身体活动如何导致大脑结构的变化，并且不知道自我运动是否也有益于大脑功能。除了阐明感觉通路中与运动相关的活动的目的外，这项研究还可能有助于人们普遍了解身体活动如何以及为什么会影响大脑功能，并有助于终身健康。它还可以指导开发新的方法来改善视力障碍患者的功能或改善治疗。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Altered low-frequency brain rhythms precede changes in gamma power during tauopathy.

DOI：
10.1016/j.isci.2022.105232
发表时间：
2022-10-21
期刊：
ISCIENCE
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Rodrigues, Fabio R.;Papanikolaou, Amalia;Holeniewska, Joanna;Phillips, Keith G.;Saleem, Aman B.;Solomon, Samuel G.
通讯作者：
Solomon, Samuel G.

Functional Organisation of the Mouse Superior Colliculus.