Horticulture - Reducing the risk of oomycete pathogens, thrips and weevils for sustainable, coconut coir based soft fruit production

园艺 - 降低卵菌病原体、蓟马和象鼻虫的风险，实现可持续的、以椰壳纤维为基础的软果生产

• 批准号: BB/X011801/1
• 负责人: Matevz Rupar
• 金额: $ 6.35万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FX011801%2F1
• 关键词: Horticulture; Reducing; risk; oomycete; pathogens

Coconut coir is the most widely used substrates strawberry and raspberry production. Its biological, chemical and physical properties enable high yield and consistent crop production with low pest and disease pressure. Root rot causing oomycete pathogens, thrips and weevils however can threaten coir based production causing over 30% decline in yields. Root rot pathogens can spread to coir based production with infected plant material and irrigation water, while incest pest colonise coir from the neighbouring fields. The bans of effective chemical control products and consumer pressure for reduction of pesticide use are driving the need for more sustainable pest and pathogen control such as the use of biocontrol fungi and bacteria. Oomycete pathogens can persist as spores in the coir across several seasons and can cause large yield loss if coir is reused over several cropping seasons. Pest such as western flower thrip and vine weevils can also infest spent media and build up populations with if substrate is reused over several seasons. The risk of pests and diseases devastating production is the reason why coir substrate is used for a single cropping season. This results in over 600,000 m3 of spent coir substrate discarded every year in UK strawberry production alone. The single use of coir substrate is expensive, labour intense, and environmentally unsustainable. In this project, researchers from NIAB East Malling will collaborate with coir recycling company Overland Ltd. with the aim 1) to unlock the potential of coir recycling to produce sustainable recycled alternative to virgin coir material and 2) to investigate if biocontrol organisms can help to further reduce oomycete root rot pathogens in virgin and recycled media. We will assess to what extent the recycling and sterilising methodology developed by Overland can reduce pest and disease risk. We will use a wide range of methods, from field scale experimental strawberry bioassays and biocontrol amendments to state-of-the-art microbiome analysis to ascertain the risk of known and new pathogen complexes and efficacy of biocontrol. The outcomes will enable growers to better understand and more sustainably manage the risk of pests and disease in soft fruit production.

椰壳纤维是草莓和树莓生产中应用最广泛的基质。它的生物、化学和物理特性使作物产量高，产量稳定，病虫害压力低。然而，引起卵菌病原体、蓟马和象鼻虫的根腐病会威胁椰壳纤维的生产，导致产量下降30%以上。根腐病病原体可以通过受感染的植物材料和灌溉水传播到椰壳纤维生产中，而乱伦害虫则从邻近的田地定植椰壳纤维。有效的化学防治产品的禁令和消费者减少农药使用的压力正在推动对更可持续的害虫和病原体控制的需求，例如使用生物防治真菌和细菌。卵菌病原体可以作为孢子在椰壳纤维中持续存在几个季节，并且如果椰壳纤维在几个种植季节中被重复使用，则可能导致大的产量损失。害虫，如西方花蓟马和藤蔓象鼻虫也可以侵扰用过的媒体和建立人口，如果基板是重复使用了几个赛季。害虫和疾病破坏生产的风险是椰壳纤维基质用于单一种植季节的原因。这导致每年仅在英国草莓生产中就丢弃超过600，000 m3的废椰壳纤维基质。单一使用椰壳纤维基材是昂贵的，劳动密集型的，并且在环境上是不可持续的。在这个项目中，来自NIAB东马岭的研究人员将与椰壳纤维回收公司Overland Ltd.合作，目的是1）释放椰壳纤维回收的潜力，以生产可持续的再生替代品，以取代原始椰壳纤维材料，2）调查生物防治生物是否有助于进一步减少原始和回收介质中的卵菌根腐病病原体。我们将评估Overland开发的回收和消毒方法在多大程度上可以降低病虫害风险。我们将使用广泛的方法，从田间规模的实验草莓生物测定和生物防治修正案，以最先进的微生物组分析，以确定已知和新的病原体复合体的风险和生物防治的有效性。这些成果将使种植者能够更好地了解和更可持续地管理软果生产中的病虫害风险。