CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT IN MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS

这些研究的长期目标是获得信息， 关于高等生物染色体分布的调节。 目标是确定和描述 染色体在分裂细胞中的运动，并决定它们在 染色体分布 这一建议涉及非红细胞析取+（ncd+）。 其突变体 染色体频繁不分离和丢失的表型暗示着 果蝇减数分裂染色体分离过程中的ncd ~+ 女性 预测的ncd+蛋白与 微管马达分子，驱动蛋白。 拟议的研究旨在验证两个假设。 第一 NCD+是一种在卵母细胞中起作用的马达分子， 染色体运动需要适当的染色体分布， 减数分裂 第二个假设是类似于NCD+的蛋白质是 需要在精母细胞和有丝分裂中发挥类似的作用。 具体目标如下： 1. ncd+在染色体分布中的作用将由 检查其运动特性、细胞学位置和 突变体对染色体分布的作用和影响。 遗传 将进行筛选，以确定与非传染性疾病+相互作用的蛋白质。 2.编码NCD+样蛋白候选物的基因， 预计在精母细胞和有丝分裂细胞中起作用， 鉴定、分离和表征。 雄性特异性和有丝分裂 将同源物与NCD+进行比较以鉴定相似性区域， 这些区域在功能上可能很重要，而不同的区域， 表明减数分裂和有丝分裂中染色体分离差异。 拟议研究的结果将导致以下信息： ncd+在卵母细胞染色体分布中的作用，以及 鉴定和分离编码NCD+样蛋白的基因， 在精母细胞和有丝分裂细胞中起作用。这 这些信息将有助于我们理解分子力 这是分裂细胞中染色体正确分布所必需的。 缺陷 染色体 分布对生物体有有害的后果，包括 非整倍性、不育和致死性。

The long-term objectives of these studies are to obtain information regarding the regulation of chromosome distribution in higher organisms. The goal is to identify and characterize the forces required for chromosome movement in dividing cells, and determine their roles in chromosome distribution. This proposal concerns nonclaret disjunctional+ (ncd+). Its mutant phenotype of frequent nondisjunction and loss of chromosomes implicates ncd+ in the process of meiotic chromosome segregation in Drosophila females. The predicted ncd+ protein is strikingly similar to the microtubule motor molecule, kinesin. The proposed studies are designed to test two hypotheses. The first is that ncd+ is a motor molecule that acts in oocytes to mediate chromosome movements needed for proper distribution of chromosomes in meiosis. The second hypothesis is that proteins similar to ncd+ are needed to perform a similar role in spermatocytes and in mitosis. Specific aims are the following: 1.The role of ncd+ in chromosome distribution will be determined by examining its motility properties, cytological location, and the time of action and effect of mutants on chromosome distribution. A genetic screen will be carried out to identify proteins that interact with ncd+. 2.Genes that encode candidates for the ncd+-like proteins that are predicted to act in spermatocytes and in mitotic cells will be identified, isolated and characterized. Male-specific and mitotic homologues will be compared with ncd+ to identify regions of similarity, which may be important functionally, and regions that differ, which may indicate differences in chromosome segregation in meiosis and mitosis. Results of the proposed studies will lead to information regarding the role of ncd+ in chromosome distribution in oocytes, and the identification and isolation of genes that encode ncd+-like proteins that function in spermatocytes and in mitotically dividing cells . This information will contribute to our understanding of the molecular forces needed for proper chromosome distribution in dividing cells. Defects in chromosome distribution have harmful consequences for the organism including aneuploidy, infertility and lethality.