CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT IN MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS

这些研究的长期目标是获取信息 关于高等生物中染色体分布的调节。 目标是确定和描述所需的力量 染色体在细胞分裂中的运动，并确定它们在 染色体分布。 这项建议涉及非红葡萄酒析取(NCD)。它的突变体 频繁不分离和染色体丢失的表型涉及 NCD在果蝇减数分裂染色体分离中的作用 女性。预测的NCD蛋白与 微管运动分子，激动素。 拟议的研究旨在检验两个假设。第一 NCD是一种运动分子，它在卵母细胞中起调节作用 染色体的正常分布所需的染色体运动 减数分裂。第二种假设是，与NCD相似的蛋白质是 在精母细胞和有丝分裂中需要发挥类似的作用。 具体目标如下： 1.NCD在染色体分布中的作用由以下因素决定 检查其运动特性、细胞学位置和时间 突变体对染色体分布的作用和影响。一种基因 将进行筛选以确定与NCD相互作用的蛋白质。 2.编码NCD样蛋白候选者的基因 预计将在精母细胞和有丝分裂细胞中发挥作用 识别、隔离和表征。男性特有的有丝分裂 同源物将与NCD进行比较以识别相似区域， 可能在功能上很重要，以及不同的区域，这可能 表明减数分裂和有丝分裂中染色体分离的差异。 拟议研究的结果将导致以下信息 NCD在卵母细胞染色体分布中的作用 编码NCD样蛋白的基因的鉴定和分离 在精母细胞和有丝分裂细胞中的功能。这 信息将有助于我们对分子力的理解 在分裂细胞中进行适当的染色体分配所需的。中的缺陷 染色体 分布会对生物体产生有害的后果，包括 非整倍体、不育和致命性。

The long-term objectives of these studies are to obtain information regarding the regulation of chromosome distribution in higher organisms. The goal is to identify and characterize the forces required for chromosome movement in dividing cells, and determine their roles in chromosome distribution. This proposal concerns nonclaret disjunctional+ (ncd+). Its mutant phenotype of frequent nondisjunction and loss of chromosomes implicates ncd+ in the process of meiotic chromosome segregation in Drosophila females. The predicted ncd+ protein is strikingly similar to the microtubule motor molecule, kinesin. The proposed studies are designed to test two hypotheses. The first is that ncd+ is a motor molecule that acts in oocytes to mediate chromosome movements needed for proper distribution of chromosomes in meiosis. The second hypothesis is that proteins similar to ncd+ are needed to perform a similar role in spermatocytes and in mitosis. Specific aims are the following: 1.The role of ncd+ in chromosome distribution will be determined by examining its motility properties, cytological location, and the time of action and effect of mutants on chromosome distribution. A genetic screen will be carried out to identify proteins that interact with ncd+. 2.Genes that encode candidates for the ncd+-like proteins that are predicted to act in spermatocytes and in mitotic cells will be identified, isolated and characterized. Male-specific and mitotic homologues will be compared with ncd+ to identify regions of similarity, which may be important functionally, and regions that differ, which may indicate differences in chromosome segregation in meiosis and mitosis. Results of the proposed studies will lead to information regarding the role of ncd+ in chromosome distribution in oocytes, and the identification and isolation of genes that encode ncd+-like proteins that function in spermatocytes and in mitotically dividing cells . This information will contribute to our understanding of the molecular forces needed for proper chromosome distribution in dividing cells. Defects in chromosome distribution have harmful consequences for the organism including aneuploidy, infertility and lethality.