DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE IN SPEED OF PROCESSING

处理速度的发展变化

• 批准号: 3317632
• 负责人: Robert V. Kail
• 金额: $ 5.84万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-05-01 至 1991-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3317632
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); child behavior; cognition; human subject; memory; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; performance; psychological tests; sensory mechanism; visual feedback; visual stimulus

Age differences are ubiquitous and large in studies of the speed with which individuals execute cognitive processes. These age differences may reflect acquisition of task-specific skills or they may reflect change in a central mechanism that limits performance on all speeded tasks. Three types of experiments and proposed to provide evidence to distinguish these explanations. On approach is to examine developmental functions for speeds of different processes. If a central mechanism limits processing speed, speeds of distinct processes should develop at the same rate; if task-specific skills are responsible for age differences in processing speed, there is no necessary relation between rates of development for different processes. These productions will be evaluated by comparing developmental functions derived from performance on four tasks: mental arithmetic, mental addition, figural matrices, and geometric analogies. The subjects will be 8- to 22-year-olds. A second approach is to examine processing speed in domains where children and adults have equal knowledge. Here, age differences should be eliminated according to the specific-skills explanation, but only reduced according to the central mechanism hypothesis. These predictions will be tested by comparing the performance of child and adult baseball experts as well as child and adult novices on visual search, memory search, and mental rotation tasks. A third approach is to have subjects perform two tasks simultaneously. According to the specific skills view, if children and adults are equal in their performance of the tasks individually, they should have equal concurrent performance on the tasks. In contrast, according to the central mechanism hypothesis, children's concurrent performance should be less than adults', reflecting the greater constaints imposed on children by the central mechanism. These predictions will be evaluated by testing children and adults on mental rotation, visual search, or memory search tasks. Each task will be performed with and without a concurrent task.

年龄差异是普遍存在的，在研究的速度大 个体执行认知过程的方式。 这些年龄 差异可能反映了特定任务技能的获得，或者 可能反映了中央机制的变化， 在所有加速任务上的性能。 三种实验 并建议提供证据来区分这些 解释。 一种方法是检查发育功能， 不同的过程。 如果一个中央机制限制了 速度，不同过程的速度应该同时发展。 率;如果特定任务技能是年龄差异的原因， 处理速度之间没有必然的关系， 针对不同的过程进行开发。 这些作品将是 通过比较来自以下方面的发育功能进行评估： 四项任务的表现：心算，心算加法， 图形矩阵和几何类比。 受试者将是8- 22岁的年轻人。 第二种方法是检查域中的处理速度 儿童和成人拥有同等的知识。 在这里，年龄 应根据具体技能消除差异 解释，但只是根据中央机制减少 假说. 这些预测将通过比较 儿童和成人棒球专家以及儿童的表现 和成年新手在视觉搜索、记忆搜索和心理搜索方面的差异。 轮换任务。 第三种方法是让受试者完成两项任务 同步 根据特定技能观点，如果儿童 成年人在完成任务时是平等的 单独地，它们在以下方面应该具有相同的并发性能： 任务。 相比之下，根据中央机制 假设，儿童的同时表现应小于 成年人的，反映了更大的constants强加给儿童， 中央机制。 这些预测将通过以下方式进行评估： 测试儿童和成人的心理旋转，视觉搜索，或 记忆搜索任务 每项任务都将使用和 没有并发任务。