Integrated Design of Hospital Wards for a Safe and Sustainable Patient Environment

重新设计医疗建筑基础设施，以最大限度地降低感染风险，满足政府苛刻的碳减排目标，并为患者和工作人员创造安全舒适的环境，是NHS目前面临的最大挑战之一。医院获得性感染仍然是卫生部议程的重点。到2008年将MRSA减少一半，到2011年将C型艰难梭菌感染减少30%的目标，以及对环境影响传播风险的认识不断提高，使感染控制成为医院建设和翻新计划的核心。与建筑相关的能源使用也是NHS日益关注的问题，几乎可以肯定，到2010年减少20%的国家碳减排目标和到2050年减少60%的国家碳减排目标将要求医院。这两个问题构成了一个主要的设计冲突。改善通风以提高患者舒适度并减少感染，同时减少对机械建筑服务的需求以减少能源使用是一项艰巨的任务。本提案中概述的研究将从综合建筑服务和感染控制的角度解决这些设计挑战。该提案的目的是开发强大的设计工具和基于交互式计算的建模环境，可用于在几个不同方面评估和优化医院建筑设计策略;能源使用，感染风险和热舒适度以及患者安全和成本影响。一系列有针对性的项目，最初侧重于病房的设计和通风，将用于开发这些设计工具，同时建立具体的循证解决方案，解决现有过时医院病房的关键问题。该提案将建立一个跨学科的研究团队，利用学术界，工业界和医疗保健提供商的专业知识，以确定，开发和利用最新的科学进步，并创建必要的知识库，为翻新和新建住宿提供最佳设计。到五年资助期结束时，研究将大大推进重新设计医院住宿的战略。它将创建可用的设计工具，首次正式整合多个问题，包括感染的风险，以及促进真实的，在地面上，英国医院的变化。未来的研究战略将包括物理建筑环境以外的方面，包括人类行为和微生物动力学，以便能够评估核心基础设施的管理和运营。到2020年，这将使病房环境能够满足当前和长期的能源和感染目标，并将在医院的其他领域级联建模技术和设计方法，以在整个医院产业中产生真实的效益。

Redesigning healthcare building infrastructure to minimise infection risk, meet demanding government carbon reduction targets and create a safe and comfortable environment for patients and staff is one of the biggest challenges currently facing the NHS. Hospital acquired infection remains at the forefront of the Department of Health agenda. Targets to halve MRSA by 2008 and cut C Difficile infections by 30% by 2011, together with increasing awareness that the environment influences the risk of transmission, have put infection control at the heart of hospital building and refurbishment programs. Building related energy use is also an increasing concern for the NHS, with the national carbon reduction targets of 20% by 2010 and 60% by 2050 are almost certain to be demanded of hospitals. These two issues present a major design conflict. Improving ventilation to increase patient comfort and reduce infection while at the same time reducing the need for mechanical building services to cut energy use is a huge undertaking. The research outlined in this proposal will tackle these design challenges from an integrated building services and infection control perspective. The aim of the proposal is to develop robust design tools and an interactive computational based modelling environment that can used to evaluate and optimise hospital building design strategies in terms of several different aspects; energy use, infection risk and thermal comfort as well as patient safety and cost implications. A series of targeted projects, initially focusing on the design and ventilation of ward accommodation, will be used to develop these design tools and at the same time establish specific evidence-based solutions that address critical issues in existing outdated hospital wards. The proposal will establish a cross-disciplinary research team drawing on expertise from academia, industry and healthcare providers to identify, develop and exploit the latest scientific advances and create the knowledge base necessary to establish the best designs for both refurbished and new build accommodation. By the end of the five year funding term the research will have significantly advanced strategies for redesigning hospital accommodation. It will have created usable design tools that for the first time formally integrate multiple issues, including the risk of infection, as well as facilitating real, on the ground, changes in UK hospitals. The future research strategy will incorporate aspects beyond the physical built environment including human behaviour and microbial dynamics, to be able to evaluate the management and operation of a facility alongside the core infrastructure. By 2020 this will enable ward environments to meet both the immediate and long-term energy and infection targets, and will have also cascaded the modelling techniques and design methodologies across other areas of hospitals to yield real benefits across whole hospital estates.