Breathing City: Future Urban Ventilation Network

呼吸城市：未来城市通风网络

基本信息

批准号：
NE/V002082/1
负责人：
Catherine Noakes
金额：
$ 64.72万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV002082%2F1
关键词：
Breathing City Future Urban Ventilation

项目摘要

Poor air quality is widely recognised to affect human health and wellbeing. Cumulative exposure to pollutants throughout the life course is a determinant for numerous long term health conditions including dementia, heart disease and diabetes, Short term high exposures are shown to exacerbate conditions such as asthma and COPD, increase risks of heart attacks and stroke and influence respiratory infections. The very young, very old and those with pre-existing conditions are most at risk and inequality further increases this; the poorest in society often live in the lowest quality housing in the most polluted areas. Human exposure to air pollutants occurs in both indoor and outdoor environments. Urban air pollution results from a combination of local outdoor sources (e.g. transport, combustion, industry) and regional and large scale atmospheric transport of pollutants. We spend up to 90% of our time indoors and indoor air quality is therefore a significant part of human exposure. Indoor air quality is influenced by the climate, weather and air quality in the external environment in addition to local indoor sources (e.g. microorganisms, chemicals cleaning and personal care, cooking, industry processes, emissions from building materials, heating and mechanical systems) and the building design and operation. In all cases it is the airflows within and between indoor and outdoor locations that enables the transport of pollutants and ultimately determines human exposures. Understanding airflows is therefore at the heart developing effective mitigating actions, particularly in cases where there is limited ability to remove a pollutant source. Being able to predict the influence of airflows enables understanding of how pollutants are likely to move within and between buildings in a city, both under normal day-to-day conditions and in response to emergencies such as heatwaves or wildfires. With the right computational and measurement tools it is then possible to change the design or management of city neighbourhoods enabling better urban flows to reduce exposure to pollutants and also to innovate new ventilation solutions to control the indoor environment in buildings. While there are a number of approaches that already enable assessment of urban flows and indoor flows, these aspects are not currently considered together in an integrated way or focused on optimising environments for health. The Future Urban Ventilation Network (FUVN) aims to address this by defining a new holistic methodology - the Breathing City. This will define a new integrated assessment approach that considers coupled indoor-outdoor flows together to minimise exposure for people within a neighbourhood who are most at risk from the effects of poor air quality. The network will bring together people from a range of disciplines and areas of application with a common interest in improving urban and indoor airflows to improve health. Through small scale research and workshop activities we will advance the understanding of the fluid dynamics that determines the physics of this indoor-outdoor exchange. The network will develop a research programme to address technical gaps in modelling and measuring pollutant transport and how we can use this to determine long and short term exposures to a range of pollutants. We will work collaboratively with industry, policy makers and the public to understand how this approach could change city planning, building design guidance and community actions to enable health based future urban ventilation design and to "design out" health risks for people who are most vulnerable.

空气质量差会被广泛认可会影响人类健康和福祉。在整个生命过程中，累积暴露于污染物是多种长期健康状况的决定因素，包括痴呆症，心脏病和糖尿病，短期高暴露被证明会加剧哮喘和COPD，例如哮喘和COPD，增加心脏病发作和中风的风险，并影响呼吸道感染。非常年轻的年龄很小，并且患有先前存在的条件的人面临最大的风险，不平等进一步增加了这一点。社会上最贫穷的人经常生活在最污染的地区最低质量的住房中。在室内和室外环境中，人类暴露于空气污染物。城市空气污染是由当地室外来源（例如运输，燃烧，工业）以及污染物的区域和大规模大气运输的结合而产生的。因此，我们最多将90％的时间在室内花费，因此室内空气质量是人类暴露的重要组成部分。室内空气质量还受到外部环境中的气候，天气和空气质量的影响（例如，微生物，化学物质清洁和个人护理，烹饪，烹饪，行业过程，建筑材料和机械系统的发射，供暖和机械系统的排放）以及建筑物的设计和操作。在所有情况下，正是室内和室外位置之间和室外位置之间的气流使污染物的运输并最终决定人类的暴露。因此，理解气流是核心发展有效缓解动作的心脏，尤其是在去除污染物来源能力有限的情况下。能够预测气流的影响能够理解污染物在正常的日常条件下以及诸如热浪或野火等紧急情况下，污染物可能如何在城市内部和城市之间移动。借助正确的计算和测量工具，可以改变城市社区的设计或管理，从而使更好的城市流量减少对污染物的接触，并创新新的通风解决方案，以控制建筑物中室内环境。尽管已经有多种方法已经可以评估城市流量和室内流量，但这些方面目前尚未以综合的方式考虑，或者专注于优化健康环境。未来的城市通风网络（FUVN）旨在通过定义新的整体方法 - 呼吸城市来解决这一问题。这将定义一种新的综合评估方法，该方法考虑了室内室外流的耦合，以最大程度地减少邻里人群中最大风险的风险较差的空气质量影响。该网络将汇集来自一系列学科和应用领域的人们，对改善城市和室内气流以改善健康有兴趣。通过小规模的研究和研讨会活动，我们将提高人们对确定这种室内室外交换物理学的流体动力学的理解。该网络将制定一项研究计划，以解决建模和测量污染物运输方面的技术差距，以及我们如何使用它来确定长期和短期暴露于一系列污染物。我们将与行业，政策制定者和公众合作，了解这种方法如何改变城市规划，建立设计指导和社区行动，以实现基于健康的未来城市通风设计，并为最脆弱的人“设计”健康风险。