OBJECT KNOWLEDGE IN YOUNG INFANTS

幼儿的客观知识

• 批准号: 3319853
• 负责人: RENEE L BAILLARGEON
• 金额: $ 11.24万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-12-01 至 1992-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3319853
• 关键词: awareness; behavior test; child behavior; child psychology; cognition; concept; cues; discrimination learning; early experience; infant human (0-1 year); motion perception; perception

When adults see an object occlude another object, they typically assume that the occluded object (a) continues to exist behind the occluding object; (b) retains the physical and spatial properties it possessed prior to occlusion; and (c) is subject to the same physical laws as prior to occlusion. Piaget (1954) claimed that infants do not begin to share these assumptions until about 8, 12, and 18 months of age, respectively. Over the past three years, we have conducted an extensive series of experiments designed to investigate Piaget's description of the development of infants' beliefs about occluded objects. The results we have obtained do not support Piaget's description. These results indicate that (a) infants as young as 3 months of age understand that objects continue to exist when occluded; (b) infants as young as 5.5 months of age are aware that objects retain their physical and spatial properties when occluded; and (c) infants as young as 9 months of age make inferences about occluded objects. In general, these findings indicate that young infants' understanding of the physical world is far more advanced than the work of Piaget and his successors had led us to believe. The first aim of the proposed research is to pursue a number of questions raised by our findings, namely: (1) Are infants less than 5.5 months of age able to represent the properties of occluded objects? (2) How sophisticated are 9-month-old infants at inferring the physical and spatial properties of occluded objects, and are younger infants also capable of making such inferences? Finally, (3) How can one account for the discrepancy between Piaget's conclusions and those suggested by our findings? The second aim of this application is to explore other facets of infants' physical world. Two physical domains will be investigated: (1) infants' understanding of support relations and (2) infants' understanding of collision events. Since our research has revealed that infants' understanding of object permanence is surprisingly sophisticated, it is reasonable to expect that investigations of other aspects of infants' physical world will also bring to light hitherto unsuspected competencies.

当成年人看到一个物体挡住另一个物体时，他们通常会 假设被遮挡物体（a）继续存在于 遮挡对象;（B）保留物理和空间属性 （c）在封闭前所拥有的;及 物理定律，如前所述。 皮亚杰（1954）声称， 婴儿直到8岁，12岁， 和18个月大的动物。 在过去的三年里，我们 进行了一系列广泛的实验， 研究皮亚杰对婴儿智力发展的描述 关于被遮挡物体的信念。 我们得到的结果确实 不支持皮亚杰的描述。 这些结果表明：（a） 3个月大的婴儿就能理解物体 当闭塞时继续存在;（B）小至5.5个月的婴儿 年龄的人都知道，物体保持其物理和空间 当封闭时的性质;和（c）婴儿，如9个月大， 年龄对被遮挡的物体做出推断。 总的来说这些 研究结果表明，幼儿对身体的理解 世界远比皮亚杰和他的工作先进得多。 继承人让我们相信。 拟议研究的第一个目标是追求一些 我们的研究结果提出的问题，即：（1）婴儿是否较少 5.5个月以上的年龄能够代表闭塞的属性 物件？ (2)9个月大的婴儿有多复杂 推断被遮挡对象的物理和空间属性， 年幼的婴儿是否也能做出这样的推断？ 最后，（3）如何解释 皮亚杰的结论和我们的研究结果所提出的那些？ 的 本申请的第二个目的是探索 婴儿的物理世界 两个物理域将 调查内容：（1）幼儿对支持关系的理解， (2)婴儿对碰撞事件的理解。 因为我们的研究 揭示了婴儿对物体恒存性的理解 令人惊讶的复杂，这是合理的预期， 对婴儿物理世界其他方面的研究将 也揭示了迄今为止未被怀疑的能力。