OBJECT PERMANENCE IN YOUNG INFANTS

幼儿的客体持久性

• 批准号: 3319851
• 负责人: RENEE L BAILLARGEON
• 金额: $ 8.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-12-01 至 1988-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3319851
• 关键词: behavior test; child behavior; child psychology; cues; infant human (0-1 year); motion perception; size perception; visual feedback; visual fields; visual perception

Investigators have traditionally claimed that infants do not begin to view objects as permanent until 9 or 10 months of age. However, preliminary studies indicate that infants as young as 5 months of age recognize that objects continue to exist when occluded. The research described in this proposal builds on the results of these initial studies. Three general issues will be addressed. The first concerns infants' ability to represent the physical and spatial properties of objects and to use this information to reason about simple occlusion events. Two types of occlusion events will be investigated. In one, a stationary object will be placed in the path of a moving screen. The proposed experiments will test whether infants represent information about the height and location of the object and use this information to predict when the screen should stop. In the second type of occlusion sequence, an object will travel along a track, part of which will be occluded by a screen. The proposed experiments will test whether infants represent information about the height of the object and use this information to determine whether a portion of the object should remain visible above the screen. The second issue is closely related to the first. It concerns infants' ability to make inferences about properties of occluded objects. One experiment will examine whether infants can infer the distance an object travels behind a screen, based on its speed of movement and the duration of its occlusion. Other experiments will test whether infants can infer where an object is hidden, based on specific types of cues. For instance, if shown a flat cover and a cover with a distinct lump, will infants realize that the object must be hidden under the lumpy cover? The third issue concerns the development of infants' reasoning about occluded objects. At what age do infants understand that a stationary object continues to exist when occluded, or that a moving object continues to exist and pursues its trajectory behind an occluder? At what age do infants become able to represent and use information about the physical and spatial properties of occluded objects? Finally, when do infants become able to make inferences about the physical features and spatial properties of occluded objects? The research described in this proposal has implications for two, hitherto disjoint areas of infancy research: infants' object concept, and infants' knowledge of the physical world.

研究者传统上认为婴儿并没有开始看到 直到9个月或10个月大的物体。 然而，初步 研究表明，5个月大的婴儿就认识到， 对象在被遮挡时继续存在。 本文中描述的研究 这项建议是在这些初步研究结果的基础上提出的。 三个一般 问题将得到解决。 第一个是关于婴儿的表征能力 物体的物理和空间属性，并使用这些信息 来推理简单的阻塞事件。 两种类型的闭塞事件 将进行调查。 在一个，一个静止的物体将被放置在 移动屏幕的路径。 拟议的实验将测试是否 婴儿表示关于物体的高度和位置的信息 并使用该信息来预测屏幕何时应该停止。 在 第二种类型的遮挡序列，对象将沿着轨迹行进， 其一部分将被屏幕遮挡。 拟议的实验将 测试婴儿是否代表物体的高度信息 并使用该信息来确定对象的一部分是否 应该在屏幕上方保持可见。 第二个问题与第一个问题密切相关。 它涉及到婴儿的 对被遮挡物体的属性进行推断的能力。 一 一项实验将检验婴儿是否能推断出物体的距离 在屏幕后面移动，基于其移动速度和持续时间， 它的闭塞。 其他实验将测试婴儿是否能推断出 基于特定类型的线索来隐藏对象。 例如，如果 图中示出了平盖和具有明显肿块的盖，婴儿将意识到 那东西一定藏在荧光灯的盖子下面 第三个问题是关于婴儿推理能力的发展， 被遮挡的物体。 婴儿在多大的时候才能理解 物体在被遮挡时继续存在，或者移动物体继续 在一个遮挡器后面沿着它的轨迹存在 在什么年龄， 婴儿变得能够代表和使用有关物理和 被遮挡物体的空间特性？ 最后，婴儿什么时候成为 能够对物理特征和空间属性进行推断 被遮挡的物体吗 该提案中描述的研究对两个方面有影响， 婴儿期研究的脱节领域：婴儿的客体概念和婴儿的 物理世界的知识。