DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING IN THE FAMILY

这项研究的目的是考察儿童的发展 社会和道德的理解，以及这种社会和道德之间的联系 理解，他们与家人和家人的亲密关系 朋友，以及他们在学校早期的自我概念。这个 儿童早期家庭经历与社会的关系 理解、与朋友和家人的关系以及自我概念 在幼儿园和一年级期间，将在 之前作为学龄前儿童研究的50名儿童的样本 调查员正在进行的研究(HD-23158-02)。孩子们会成为 在家中与母亲、兄弟姐妹和朋友一起观察和采访， 他们幼儿园学年的开始和接近结束时，以及他们的 一年级的时候。自然主义观察将集中在孩子们的 在争端中的谈判，他们关于社交世界的对话，以及 他们在假装游戏中的合作。他们对违法行为的推理， 冲突解决的概念，他们对他人的理解 情感和信仰与行动的关系，以及他们所感知的自我 能力，以及对学校压力的描述将在 面谈和实验程序。关于学校的信息 经验和调整将从教师那里获得。发展动向 在对社会道德规则的理解中，在封闭的本质中 友谊将被描述；关于过程的相互竞争的假设 影响个体在社会理解和友谊方面的差异 我们将考察两国关系。

The purpose of this research is to examine the development of children's social and moral understanding, and the connections between this social understanding, their close relationships with family members and with friends, and their self concepts in their early school years. The relations between children's early family experiences, and their social understanding, relationships with friends and family and self concepts during the kindergarten and first grade years will be examined in a sample of 50 children previously studied as preschoolers as part of the investigator's ongoing research (HD-23158-02). The children will be observed and interviewed at home with mothers, siblings and friends, at the start and towards the end of their kindergarten year and of their first grade year. Naturalistic observations will focus on the children's negotiations in disputes, their conversations about the social world, and their cooperation in pretend play. Their reasoning about transgressions, conceptions of conflict resolution, their understanding of others' emotions and of the relations of belief to action, their perceived self competence, and accounts of stress at school will be assessed in interviews and experimental procedures. Information on school experiences and adjustment will be obtained from teachers. Developments in understanding of sociomoral rules and in the nature of close friendship will be described; competing hypotheses about the processes influencing individual differences in social understanding and friendship relations will be examined.