DEVELOPMENT OF INTERSENSORY PERCEPTION IN HUMAN INFANTS

知觉发展的主要成就之一是 检测感官间关系的能力，如提供的 通过来自不同模态的输入指定等效 信息. 例如，检测对应关系的能力 在嘴唇的可见运动和产生的话语之间 通过这些嘴唇可以让观察者感知到 活动 本提案中概述的研究旨在 系统地检查婴儿能力的发展， 在生命的第一年就检测到了感官间的等价物。 这些研究的主要目的是批判性地和经验性地 评价感觉发育分化观 由E.吉布森，并确定是否有其他机制， 感觉间组织也可能在早期 婴儿期。 差分视图提出，检测 感觉间等价（被称为模态不变量， 吉布森）依赖于婴儿对模态的敏感性 不变量，它们在感知上是不同的， 发展 提出了四组研究，其中婴儿 基于时间的模态不变量的感觉间反应 将评估刺激的变化。 第一组 研究将检查婴儿的表演能力的发展。 速度和持续时间的双感官匹配。 使用配对- 比较技术，婴儿的视觉固定的每个成员， 当他或她听的时候， 与对应于该对中的一个成员的声音相对应。 的 第二组将检查婴儿能力的发展， 了解多感觉化合物， 一个Amodal不变量 婴儿首先会习惯于 由听觉和视觉成分组成的复合刺激， 然后将测试化合物，其中一个或两个 组件发生了变化。 在第三盘中， 婴儿根据更高层次的 不变（即节奏）将通过配对比较进行研究 法 在最后一组研究中， 跨转换的模态不变性将使用 abituation/测试技术。 我们希望， 拟议的研究将有助于推进我们的理论概念， 以及提供急需的数据， 健康婴儿感觉间知觉技能的发展。

One of the major accomplishments of perceptual development is the ability to detect intersensory relationships such as those provided by inputs from different modalities specifying equivalent information. For example, the ability to detect the correspondence between the visible movements of the lips and an utterance produced by those lips allows the observer to perceive the unity of the event. The studies outlined in this proposal are designed to systematically examine the development of infants' ability to detect intersensory equivalences during the first year of life. The principal aim of the studies is to critically and empirically evaluate the differentiation view of intersensory development proposed by E. Gibson and to determine whether other mechanisms of intersensory organization may also be operative during early infancy. The differentiarion view proposes that detection of intersensory equivalences (referred to as a modal invariants by Gibson) is dependent on the infants' sensitivity to modal invariants which are perceptually differentiated during development. Four sets of studies are proposed in which infants' intersensory response ro modal invariants based on temporal variations in stimulation will be assessed. The first set of studies will examine the development of infants' ability ro perform bisensory matches of rate and duration. Using the paired- comparison technique, infants' visual fixation of each member of a pair of visual stimuli will be studied while he or she listens to a sound corresponding to one of the members of the pair. The second set will examine the development of infants' ability to learn about multisensory compounds that are either united or not by an amodal invariant. Infants will first be habituated to a compound stimulus composed of an auditory and visual component and then will be tested with compounds where either one or both components are changed. In the third set, the development of infants' ability to make bisensory matches based on a higher-order invariant (i.e. rhythm) will be studied with the paired-comparison method. In the final set of studies, infants' ability to extract modal invariance across transformations will be examined with the abituation/test technique. It is hoped that the findings from the proposed studies will help advance our theoretical notions of intersensory development as well as provide much-needed data on the development of intersensory perceptual skills in healthy infants.