INTERMODAL TEMPORAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IN INFANTS

婴儿多式联运时间信息处理

• 批准号: 6387890
• 负责人: DAVID J LEWKOWICZ
• 金额: $ 19.07万
• 依托单位: INSTITUTE FOR BASIC RES IN DEV DISABIL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6387890
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; child psychology; clinical research; developmental psychology; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); neural information processing; sequential perception

Most perceptual, cognitive, affective, and linguistic events are specified concurrently in different sensory modalities and are distributed across time. Time and its various temporal attributes such as contiguity, duration, rate, and rhythmic structure can be represented equally well across modalities and thus provide a major basis for the integration of the heteromodal attributes of multimodally represented events and objects. Empirical evidence indicates that human infants can perceive some of these intermodal temporal attributes and can use them to integrate heteromodal inputs. Indeed, it seems that this ability is part of a generalized perceptual mechanism that constrains perception by focusing the infant's attention on intermodally temporally integrated events. Given that intermodally integrated events are a fundamental part of the infant's everyday experience, understanding the processes underlying the development of such abilities is critical. Recently the PI put forth a sequential, hierarchic model that provides a theoretical framework for the study of the development of responsiveness to intermodal temporal relations. The model proposes that due to the differential informational complexity of the four different temporal intermodal relations, responsiveness to intermodal temporal contiguity, duration, rate, and rhythm emerges sequentially in that order. Furthermore, the differentiation and emergence of responsiveness to the more complex intermodal temporal relations is dependent on the prior emergence of responsiveness to the simpler relations. The purpose of the current project is to carry out a systematic investigation of the development of infants' responsiveness to intermodal temporal relations by studying responsiveness to intermodal temporal contiguity, duration, rate, and rhythm in infants between 1 and 12 months of age. The habituation/test technique, together with measures of attention, will be used to investigate developmental differences in infants' responsiveness to each of the four types of intermodal temporal relations. Based on the PI's model and its extensions, a series of 18 experiments is proposed to test various predictions arising from the model and its extensions. The results will: (a) explicate mechanisms underlying the anticipated developmental changes in responsiveness to intermodal temporal relations, (b) add to our understanding of the development of a process that enables infants to learn about the psychological unity of their experience, and (c) help further develop and refine measures of perceptual functioning that already have proved to have diagnostic utility in detecting aberrant developmental outcomes.

大多数感知、认知、情感和语言事件在不同的感觉形式中同时被指定，并在时间上分布。时间及其各种时间属性，例如邻接性、持续时间、速率和节奏结构，可以在不同的模式上同样很好地表示，从而为多模式表示的事件和对象的异峰属性的集成提供主要基础。经验证据表明，人类婴儿可以感知到其中一些跨模式的时间属性，并可以使用它们来整合异模式输入。事实上，这种能力似乎是一种普遍的知觉机制的一部分，这种机制通过将婴儿的注意力集中在跨通道的时间整合事件上来限制感知。鉴于多通道综合事件是婴儿日常经验的基本部分，理解这种能力发展的潜在过程至关重要。最近，PI提出了一个连续的、层次化的模型，该模型为研究多式联运时间关系反应的发展提供了一个理论框架。该模型认为，由于四种不同的时态联运关系的信息复杂性不同，对时序关系的反应依次为时序、持续时间、速率和节奏。此外，对较复杂的多式联运时间关系的反应性的分化和出现依赖于对较简单的关系的反应性先前的出现。本研究的目的是通过研究1-12个月大婴儿对多式联运时间邻接性、持续时间、频率和节律的反应性，对婴儿对多式联运时间关系反应的发展进行系统的调查。习惯化/测试技术，以及注意力测量，将被用来调查婴儿对四种类型的多模式时间关系中的每一种的反应的发展差异。在PI模型及其扩展的基础上，提出了一系列18个实验来检验该模型及其扩展所产生的各种预测。结果将：(A)阐明对多式联运时间关系反应的预期发展变化的潜在机制，(B)增加我们对使婴儿能够了解其经验的心理统一性的过程的发展的理解，以及(C)帮助进一步发展和完善已被证明在检测异常发育结果方面具有诊断作用的知觉功能测量。