INTERMODAL TEMPORAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IN INFANTS

婴儿多式联运时间信息处理

• 批准号: 6387890
• 负责人: DAVID J LEWKOWICZ
• 金额: $ 19.07万
• 依托单位: INSTITUTE FOR BASIC RES IN DEV DISABIL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6387890
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; child psychology; clinical research; developmental psychology; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); neural information processing; sequential perception

Most perceptual, cognitive, affective, and linguistic events are specified concurrently in different sensory modalities and are distributed across time. Time and its various temporal attributes such as contiguity, duration, rate, and rhythmic structure can be represented equally well across modalities and thus provide a major basis for the integration of the heteromodal attributes of multimodally represented events and objects. Empirical evidence indicates that human infants can perceive some of these intermodal temporal attributes and can use them to integrate heteromodal inputs. Indeed, it seems that this ability is part of a generalized perceptual mechanism that constrains perception by focusing the infant's attention on intermodally temporally integrated events. Given that intermodally integrated events are a fundamental part of the infant's everyday experience, understanding the processes underlying the development of such abilities is critical. Recently the PI put forth a sequential, hierarchic model that provides a theoretical framework for the study of the development of responsiveness to intermodal temporal relations. The model proposes that due to the differential informational complexity of the four different temporal intermodal relations, responsiveness to intermodal temporal contiguity, duration, rate, and rhythm emerges sequentially in that order. Furthermore, the differentiation and emergence of responsiveness to the more complex intermodal temporal relations is dependent on the prior emergence of responsiveness to the simpler relations. The purpose of the current project is to carry out a systematic investigation of the development of infants' responsiveness to intermodal temporal relations by studying responsiveness to intermodal temporal contiguity, duration, rate, and rhythm in infants between 1 and 12 months of age. The habituation/test technique, together with measures of attention, will be used to investigate developmental differences in infants' responsiveness to each of the four types of intermodal temporal relations. Based on the PI's model and its extensions, a series of 18 experiments is proposed to test various predictions arising from the model and its extensions. The results will: (a) explicate mechanisms underlying the anticipated developmental changes in responsiveness to intermodal temporal relations, (b) add to our understanding of the development of a process that enables infants to learn about the psychological unity of their experience, and (c) help further develop and refine measures of perceptual functioning that already have proved to have diagnostic utility in detecting aberrant developmental outcomes.

大多数感知，认知，情感和语言事件是以不同的感觉方式同时指定的，并在跨时间分布。 时间及其各种时间属性，例如连续性，持续时间，速率和节奏结构，可以在跨模态上很好地表示，因此为整合多模式代表事件和对象的异源属性的整合提供了主要基础。经验证据表明，人类婴儿可以感知其中的一些模式时间属性，并可以使用它们来整合异源输入。 确实，这种能力似乎是一种普遍的感知机制的一部分，该机制通过将婴儿的注意力集中在模式间临时整合的事件上来限制感知。 鉴于多式一体综合事件是婴儿日常经历的基本组成部分，因此了解这种能力发展的过程至关重要。 最近，PI提出了一个顺序的层次模型，该模型提供了一个理论框架，用于研究对世代临时关系的响应能力的发展。 该模型提出，由于四个不同的时间间关系的差异信息复杂性，对中临时连续性的响应能力，持续时间，速率和节奏以此顺序出现。 此外，对更复杂的临时时间关系的响应能力的差异和出现取决于对简单关系的响应能力的先前出现。 当前项目的目的是通过研究对1到12个月大的婴儿中的临时连续性，持续时间，持续时间，持续时间，持续时间和节奏的反应，对婴儿对临时关系的反应的发展进行系统的研究。 习惯/测试技术以及注意力的衡量标准将用于研究婴儿对四种类型的临时关系中每一种的反应性的发育差异。 根据PI的模型及其扩展，提出了一系列18个实验，以测试由模型及其扩展产生的各种预测。结果将：（a）阐明对世代临时关系反应的预期发展变化的基础，（b）增加了我们对使婴儿能够学习经验的心理统一的过程的发展的理解，并且（c）有助于进一步发展和完善已经诊断出诊断为临床的感知衡量标准。