INTERMODAL TEMPORAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IN INFANTS

婴儿多式联运时间信息处理

• 批准号: 6387890
• 负责人: DAVID J LEWKOWICZ
• 金额: $ 19.07万
• 依托单位: INSTITUTE FOR BASIC RES IN DEV DISABIL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6387890
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; child psychology; clinical research; developmental psychology; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); neural information processing; sequential perception

Most perceptual, cognitive, affective, and linguistic events are specified concurrently in different sensory modalities and are distributed across time. Time and its various temporal attributes such as contiguity, duration, rate, and rhythmic structure can be represented equally well across modalities and thus provide a major basis for the integration of the heteromodal attributes of multimodally represented events and objects. Empirical evidence indicates that human infants can perceive some of these intermodal temporal attributes and can use them to integrate heteromodal inputs. Indeed, it seems that this ability is part of a generalized perceptual mechanism that constrains perception by focusing the infant's attention on intermodally temporally integrated events. Given that intermodally integrated events are a fundamental part of the infant's everyday experience, understanding the processes underlying the development of such abilities is critical. Recently the PI put forth a sequential, hierarchic model that provides a theoretical framework for the study of the development of responsiveness to intermodal temporal relations. The model proposes that due to the differential informational complexity of the four different temporal intermodal relations, responsiveness to intermodal temporal contiguity, duration, rate, and rhythm emerges sequentially in that order. Furthermore, the differentiation and emergence of responsiveness to the more complex intermodal temporal relations is dependent on the prior emergence of responsiveness to the simpler relations. The purpose of the current project is to carry out a systematic investigation of the development of infants' responsiveness to intermodal temporal relations by studying responsiveness to intermodal temporal contiguity, duration, rate, and rhythm in infants between 1 and 12 months of age. The habituation/test technique, together with measures of attention, will be used to investigate developmental differences in infants' responsiveness to each of the four types of intermodal temporal relations. Based on the PI's model and its extensions, a series of 18 experiments is proposed to test various predictions arising from the model and its extensions. The results will: (a) explicate mechanisms underlying the anticipated developmental changes in responsiveness to intermodal temporal relations, (b) add to our understanding of the development of a process that enables infants to learn about the psychological unity of their experience, and (c) help further develop and refine measures of perceptual functioning that already have proved to have diagnostic utility in detecting aberrant developmental outcomes.

大多数知觉、认知、情感和语言事件都是同时在不同的感觉模态中指定的，并且分布在不同的时间。 时间和它的各种时间属性，如连续性，持续时间，速率和节奏结构可以表示同样好跨模态，从而提供了一个主要的基础，多模态表示的事件和对象的异质模态属性的整合。经验证据表明，人类婴儿可以感知这些联运时间属性，并可以使用它们来整合异模态输入。 事实上，这种能力似乎是一种广义的知觉机制的一部分，这种机制通过将婴儿的注意力集中在模态间时间整合的事件上来限制知觉。 鉴于跨模态整合事件是婴儿日常经验的基本组成部分，理解这些能力发展的基本过程至关重要。 最近，PI提出了一个顺序的，层次的模型，提供了一个理论框架的发展研究的反应性的时间关系。 该模型提出，由于四种不同的时间联运关系的差异信息的复杂性，响应联运时间连续性，持续时间，速率和节奏依次出现在该顺序。 此外，更复杂的多式联运的时间关系的反应性的分化和出现依赖于更简单的关系的反应性的先前出现。 本研究的目的是通过研究1 ~ 12月龄婴儿对通道间时间连续性、持续时间、频率和节奏的反应性，对婴儿对通道间时间关系的反应性的发展进行系统的调查。 习惯化/测试技术，连同注意力的措施，将被用来调查婴儿的反应的四种类型的联运时间关系的发展差异。 基于PI的模型及其扩展，提出了一系列的18个实验来测试各种预测所产生的模型及其扩展。其结果将：（a）阐明在对通道间时间关系的反应中预期的发展变化的潜在机制，（B）增加我们对一个过程的发展的理解，这个过程使婴儿能够学习他们的经验的心理统一性，（c）帮助进一步发展和完善已经被证明在检测异常发展结果方面具有诊断效用的感知功能的测量。