MAPPING AND CHARACTERIZING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN MAIZE

具有小数量效应而不是主要数量效应的基因 将绘制出定性影响图，并对其进行表征。这个 这项工作所基于的假设表明，“野生型” 基因是多态的，对基因的影响不同，但影响很小 携带病毒的个体的表型。当它们发生突变时， 这些基因有很大的影响，表现出孟德尔式遗传。 讨论了支持这一观点的实验证据。玉米是 很容易被遗传操纵，是一个非常多态的物种 因此，它适合于量化的表征 性状基因座。已经使用了两个大型重组近交系 来构建一张覆盖整个基因组的图谱。这些家庭 将首先用于绘制影响数量的遗传因素图 性状：重组、抗病、植物性状和 对环境的反应。映射应该会导致 突变时显示孟德尔遗传的基因的鉴定 种族隔离。这些基因将被分子克隆，以便 通过映射建立的相关性可以通过以下证明来证明 分离的“野生型”等位基因确实有数量 他们在表达上的差异。而在这里学习的人物 对植物科学和农学更感兴趣，这项工作 定量因素研究的重要意义 医学上的重要性。已建立重组自交系 在老鼠身上，但与它们相关的地图仍然不完整。 人类家族中的图谱同样利用了一些相同的 这些想法是为重组近亲交配家庭而建立的。玉米 是一个模型系统，在这个模型系统中，数量性状基因座可以 易于绘制和表征。

Genes having small quantitative effects rather than major qualitative effects will be mapped and characterized. The hypothesis upon which this work is based suggests that "wild-type" genes are polymorphic and have varying but small effects on the phenotype of the individual carrying them. When they are mutant, these genes have major effects and show Mendelian inheritance. Experimental evidence supporting this idea is discussed. Maize is easily manipulated genetically and is a very polymorphic species and therefore lends itself to the characterization of quantitative trait loci. Two large recombinant inbred families have been used to construct a map that spans the entire genome. These families will be used first to map genetic factors affecting quantitative traits: recombination, disease resistance, plant characters, and response to the environment. Mapping should lead to the identification of genes which, when mutant, show Mendelian segregation. These genes will be molecularly cloned so that the correlation established by mapping can be proved by showing that the segregating "wild-type" alleles indeed have quantitative differences in their expression. While the characters studied here are of more interest to plant science and agronomy, the work has important implications for the study of quantitative factors of medical importance. Recombinant inbred lines have been established in mice, but maps associated with them are still incomplete. Mapping in human families likewise makes use of some of the same ideas that were established for recombinant inbred families. Maize is thus a model system where quantitative trait loci can more easily be mapped and characterized.