MATERNAL IODINE DEFICIENCY--LACTATION AND INFANT GROWTH

母体碘缺乏——哺乳期和婴儿生长

• 批准号: 3328628
• 负责人: LINDA V OBERKOTTER
• 金额: $ 12.49万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-07-01 至 1993-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3328628
• 关键词: dietary trace element; disease /disorder model; goiter; growth /development; hormone biosynthesis; infant animal; iodine; laboratory rat; lactation; mental disorders; placental hormones; pregnancy; protein biosynthesis; serum; thyroid gland

Iodine is an essential trace element, mainly due to the absolute requirement of the thyroid gland for this substance in hormonogenesis. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) which include cretinism mental retardation, impaired physical growth and endemic goiter affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, in both developing and developed countries. Iodine deficiency is exacerbated in pregnant and lactating women, due to increased iodine requirements for formation of the fetal iodine pool, increased maternal renal clearance, and iodine sequestration by the breast and excretion in milk. In the fetus and infant, the requirement for iodine is especially critical because of its accelerated turnover in the thyroid gland, and since iodine mediates a wide range of developmental processes including mental development, skeletal growth and fusion, and lung maturation. The effects of iodine deficiency upon mammogenesis and lactogenesis including quality and breast tissue exceeds that of the thyroid gland. The question of whether the breast is affected locally by iodine also has never been addressed; in the thyroid, iodine levels control both iodine and amino acid uptake. Since mother's milk is the sole source of available iodine for the exclusively breast-fed infant, these issues are of clinical significance. Iodized oil injection is a widely-used therapeutic agent administered to large segments of populations in regions of endemic goiter. The fate of this bolus of iodine in women of reproductive ge is unknown; hence, the question of how the developing fetus or suckling neonate is affected must be raised. We therefore propose to induce iodine deficiency in weanling female rats, feeding them Low Iodine AIN-76C, and Controls, AIN-76C (nutritionally complete diets, in contrast to those previously used in such studies). We will examine serum thyroid gland and breast tissue for iodine and thyroid hormone content; mammary gland growth and differentiation; and general parameters of growth in both dams and their offspring; and assess milk production, quality, and hormonal content. Mammary gland explants and isolated mammary epithelia will be used to examine regulation of iodine uptake in the breast, and the effects of iodine concentration on amino acid uptake. We will further examine the effects of maternal iodized oil injection on maternal, fetal, and neonatal thyroid function and tissue development in dams injected at pre-, mid- or late gestation, and perform cross-fostering experiments to distinguish immediate (fetal) from longer-term (neonatal) effects upon the infant.

碘是人体必需的微量元素，主要是由于 甲状腺对这种物质的需要。 碘缺乏病（IDD），包括精神性克汀病 发育迟缓、身体发育受损和地方性甲状腺肿影响着数百名 全世界数百万人，包括发展中国家和发达国家。 碘缺乏症在孕妇和哺乳期妇女中加剧， 形成胎儿碘库的碘需求增加， 母体肾脏清除率增加和乳房碘隔离 和乳汁中的排泄物。 胎儿和婴儿对碘的需要量 尤其重要，因为它加速了甲状腺的周转 由于碘介导了广泛的发育过程， 包括智力发育，骨骼生长和融合，以及肺 成熟 碘缺乏对乳腺发育的影响 包括质量和乳房组织的泌乳超过了 甲状腺 乳房是否受到局部影响的问题 碘也从未得到解决;在甲状腺，碘水平控制 碘和氨基酸的摄取。 因为母乳是唯一的来源 纯母乳喂养婴儿的可用碘，这些问题是 具有临床意义。 碘油注射液是一种广泛使用的 向区域中的大部分人群施用的治疗剂 地方性甲状腺肿 这种碘丸在女性中的命运 生殖基因是未知的;因此，发育中的胎儿如何 或哺乳期的新生儿受到影响，必须提高。 因此我们建议 诱导断奶雌性大鼠缺碘，饲喂低碘饲料 AIN-76 C和对照AIN-76 C（营养完全饮食，相反 以前在这些研究中使用的那些）。 我们将检查血清甲状腺 乳腺组织碘和甲状腺激素含量 腺体生长和分化;以及两者生长的一般参数 母畜及其后代;并评估牛奶产量，质量和激素 内容 将乳腺外植体和分离的乳腺上皮细胞 用于检查乳房碘吸收的调节，以及 碘浓度对氨基酸摄取的影响。 我们将进一步研究 孕妇碘油注射对母儿及新生儿的影响 在注射前、中期或 妊娠晚期，并进行交叉培养实验，以区分 对婴儿的直接（胎儿）和长期（新生儿）影响。