ANTECEDENTS OF THE TYPE A BEHAVIOR PATTERN

我们正在进行的研究计划的主要目标是：(A)确定 儿童A型行为的早期出现和稳定及其影响因素 与应激相关的心理生理反应，被认为是 是成人冠状动脉疾病的危险因素；及(B)指明 他们的决定因素，重点是家庭因素。我们的四个下一个 研究中的步骤将建立在之前的发现的基础上，但也偏离了 以前在战略和分析水平上的努力。首先，要估计 敌意、愤怒表达和应激性心血管疾病的稳定性 儿童时期的反应，我们建议在1988-90年度测试最多217个 他们在1983-85年间接受了这些维度的测试。第二, 因为成人或儿童很少有关于药物有效性的数据。 问卷/访谈测量敌意和愤怒表达，以及 实验室应激诱导的心血管反应，我们计划比较 对概念上相关的行为和心理生理学的测量 50名儿童在冲突互动中表现出的反应 100个成年人。第三，在217名儿童和260名成年人的潜在样本中， 我们希望测试行为和心理生理学的假设 1983-85年测量的属性预测测量的临时血压 1990-92年，控制最初的随意血压。第四，我们建议 对50个家庭的行为和行为模式进行特征分析 冲突和冲突相互作用期间的心理生理反应 不一致的发生，并将这些模式与儿童的 同时和纵向的敌意和愤怒表达方式 分析。拟议的研究试图纠正一个主要的概念 先前对成人和A型儿童的调查失败 扩展的行为及其相关的心理生理反应 对这些现象的研究超越了成就的背景，具有重要的意义 在社会互动中，概念上相关的人类情感，比如 愤怒，确实会发生。

The major aims of our ongoing research program have been: (a) to identify the early emergence and stability of children's Type A behaviors and their associated psychophysiological responses to stress, which are considered to be risk factors for coronary artery disease in adults; and (b) to specify their determinants, with an emphasis on familial factors. Our four next steps in research will build on previous findings, but also depart from previous efforts in strategy and level of analysis. First, to estimate the stability of hostility, anger expression, and stress-induced cardiovascular responses in childhood, we propose to test in 1988-90 a maximum of 217 children, who have been tested on these dimensions in 1983-85. Second, because few data are available in adults or children on the validity of questionnaire/interview measures of hostility and anger expression, and laboratory stress-induced cardiovascular responses, we plan to compare those measures to conceptually relevant behaviors and psychophysiological responses exhibited during conflictual interactions amongst 50 children and 100 adults. Third, in a potential sample of 217 children and 260 adults, we wish to test the hypothesis that behavioral and psychophysiological attributes measured in 1983-85 predict casual blood pressure measured in 1990-92, controlling for initial casual blood pressure. Fourth, we propose to characterize in 50 families the patterns of behaviors and psychophysiological responses during interactions in which conflict and disagreement occur and to relate those patterns to children's level of hostility and mode of anger expression in both concurrent and longitudinal analyses. The proposed research attempts to correct a major conceptual failing in previous investigations in adults and children of Type A behaviors and their associated psychophysiological responses by extending studies of these phenomena beyond the context of achievement to important social interactions in which conceptually relevant human emotions, like anger, do occur.