Sandpit: VoiceYourView -- Making Public Spaces Safer

Sandpit：VoiceYourView——让公共空间更安全

• 批准号: EP/H007237/1
• 负责人: Jon Whittle
• 金额: $ 107.13万
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH007237%2F1
• 关键词: Sandpit; VoiceYourView; Making; Public; Spaces

Individuals experience significantly more stress from the fear of crime than from any direct experience of it. Sources such as Health Canada maintain that the physical environment (e.g. unused and empty spaces, poorly lit areas, areas obscured with trees and shrubs) contributes to these experiences. As an example, on university campuses, opportunities for attackers to hide can increase student fears. It is extremely challenging, however, to design public spaces that fully alleviate the public's concerns over their safety. This is due to a number of reasons: (i) even the best design processes cannot fully anticipate a user group's needs; (ii) usage patterns by the public are not fully known until the public space has been in use for some time; (iii) usage patterns naturally change over time as the role of the space in the community evolves. As a consequence, despite notable attempts at considering safety in the design of public environments - e.g., Vivacity 2020 - a priori design will never be able to fully satisfy the public's needs.This proposal argues that users of a public space know the space best. It further contends that, at present, only a small proportion of users' views are taken into account during design. Design processes typically include public consultations before construction and post-occupancy evaluation surveys. However, relatively speaking, very few users provide input into these processes. On the other hand, all users have opinions about the spaces in which they live and work. As an example, a worker may mentally note that a pedestrian crossing is required at a busy intersection, but the pressures of modern life mean that s/he is unlikely ever to feed back this comment to the local council. This kind of knowledge - which people possess but may not realize its importance to others - is termed tacit knowledge. The VoiceYourView project aims to mobilise the tacit knowledge of a community to transform public spaces to be safer and more inclusive. The VoiceYourView concept is best illustrated by example. Imagine a park in central England. Mary is 72 years old and walks her dog every day. On her route, at dusk, she hesitates as she walks past a large shrub, fearing what is behind. Judy is 26. Her jogging route takes her into areas of the park that are poorly lit and she is afraid. Paul is 43 and takes his children to the park but is concerned that the bandstand is becoming a magnet for teenage drinking parties. Today, Mary, Judy and Paul each have limited ways of communicating their tacit knowledge to the appropriate people. They would need to compose a letter - which is unlikely given the time stresses on their daily lives. The goal of VoiceYourView is to provide Mary, Judy and Paul with a way to record their feedback in real-time at the moment it occurs to them in the park rather than having to wait until it is forgotten about. In this way, VoiceYourView will collect real-time information that can then be structured, stored in an online repository, and exchanged with appropriate stakeholders: other users, local community groups, local authorities, etc. The hypothesis is that, by so doing, VoiceYourView will lead to public space designs that are more attuned to the needs of their users and, in particular, do a better job at alleviating their safety concerns.We will design inclusive input devices for the collection of tacit knowledge in public spaces and will implement a repository that will use techniques from artificial intelligence (AI) to filter, structure and classify this knowledge. We will conduct a series of trials in key public areas - including Derry city walls and Coventry underpass - to drive and evaluate VoiceYourView research. We will undertake basic research to understand how VoiceYourView requirements are impacted by existing crime trends and how VoiceYourView fits into and influences existing design processes. VoiceYourView is a partnership between five universities and associated partners and will take place over a three year period.

个人从对犯罪的恐惧中感受到的压力比对犯罪的任何直接体验都要大得多。加拿大卫生部等来源认为，物理环境(例如，未使用和空置的空间、光线不佳的区域、树木和灌木遮挡的区域)对这些体验有贡献。例如，在大学校园里，袭击者藏身的机会可能会增加学生的恐惧。然而，设计完全缓解公众对其安全的担忧的公共空间是极其具有挑战性的。这是由于以下几个原因：(I)即使是最好的设计过程也不能完全预测用户群体的需求；(Ii)公众的使用模式直到公共空间使用了一段时间后才能完全了解；(Iii)随着空间在社区中的作用的演变，使用模式自然会发生变化。因此，尽管在公共环境的设计中考虑安全性的尝试是值得注意的--例如，Viacity 2020--但先验的设计永远不能完全满足公众的需求。这项提议认为，公共空间的使用者最了解空间。它还认为，目前在设计时只考虑了一小部分用户的意见。设计过程通常包括施工前的公众咨询和入住后的评估调查。然而，相对而言，很少有用户提供对这些过程的投入。另一方面，所有用户对他们生活和工作的空间都有意见。例如，一名工人可能会在脑海中注意到，在繁忙的十字路口需要设置人行横道，但现代生活的压力意味着，S不太可能将这一评论反馈给当地议会。这种人们拥有但可能没有意识到其对他人的重要性的知识被称为默会知识。VoiceYourView项目旨在调动社区的默契知识，将公共空间改造成更安全、更具包容性的空间。VoiceYourView的概念通过示例得到了最好的说明。想象一下英格兰中部的一个公园。玛丽72岁了，每天遛狗。在路上，黄昏时，她犹豫着走过一片大灌木丛，担心后面会发生什么。朱迪26岁。她的慢跑路线把她带到了公园里光线昏暗的区域，她很害怕。保罗今年43岁，带着他的孩子们去公园，但他担心音乐台会成为青少年饮酒会的磁石。如今，玛丽、朱迪和保罗各自向合适的人传达自己的默契的方式都很有限。他们需要写一封信--考虑到他们日常生活中的时间压力，这是不太可能的。VoiceYourView的目标是为玛丽、朱迪和保罗提供一种方式，在公园发生反馈时实时记录他们的反馈，而不是等到反馈被遗忘。通过这种方式，VoiceYourView将收集实时信息，然后这些信息可以被组织起来，存储在在线存储库中，并与适当的利益相关者进行交换：其他用户、当地社区团体、地方当局等。假设这样做，VoiceYourView将导致公共空间设计更符合用户的需求，特别是在缓解他们的安全担忧方面做得更好。我们将设计包容性输入设备来收集公共空间中的隐性知识，并将实施一个存储库，该存储库将使用人工智能(AI)技术对这些知识进行过滤、结构和分类。我们将在关键的公共区域-包括德里城墙和考文垂地下通道-进行一系列试验，以推动和评估VoiceYourView研究。我们将进行基础研究，以了解VoiceYourView的要求如何受到现有犯罪趋势的影响，以及VoiceYourView如何适应和影响现有的设计流程。VoiceYourView是五所大学和相关合作伙伴之间的合作伙伴关系，为期三年。

项目成果

On the role of the user in monitoring the environment in self-adaptive systems

自适应系统中用户在环境监控中的作用

• DOI: 10.1145/1808984.1808992
• 发表时间: 2010
• 作者: Whittle J

Student Perspectives on Communication: A Case Study on Different Methods of Communication used by Engineering Students.

学生对沟通的看法：工科学生使用的不同沟通方法的案例研究。

• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: European Conference on Civil Engineering Education and Training
• 作者: Rainey, M

Community-Led Design Through Digital Games

通过数字游戏进行社区主导的设计

• DOI: 10.1111/drev.10225
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Design Management Review
• 作者: Lam B

Understanding Actionable Knowledge in Social Media: BBC Question Time and Twitter, a Case Study

了解社交媒体中可操作的知识：BBC 问答时间和 Twitter，案例研究

• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM 2012)
• 作者: Ferrario, M

Using Feedback from End Users to Improve Design of Product Service Systems.

利用最终用户的反馈来改进产品服务系统的设计。

• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: International Design Conference - Design 2012
• 作者: Lawlor-Wright T