Sandpit: VoiceYourView -- Making Public Spaces Safer

加拿大卫生部等资料来源认为，物质环境（例如未使用的空地、光线不足的地方、被树木和灌木遮挡的地方）是造成这些经历的原因。例如，在大学校园里，攻击者隐藏的机会可能会增加学生的恐惧。然而，设计公共空间以充分缓解公众对其安全的担忧是极具挑战性的。这是由于以下几个原因：（一）即使是最好的设计过程也不能完全预测用户群体的需求;（二）在公共空间使用一段时间之前，公众的使用模式并不完全清楚;（三）随着空间在社区中的作用的演变，使用模式自然会随着时间的推移而变化。因此，尽管在公共环境的设计中考虑安全性的尝试值得注意-例如，活力2020 -先验设计永远无法完全满足公众的需求。该提案认为，公共空间的使用者最了解空间。它还说，目前在设计过程中只考虑到一小部分用户的意见。设计过程通常包括施工前的公众咨询和使用后的评估调查。然而，相对而言，很少有用户为这些过程提供投入。另一方面，所有用户都对他们生活和工作的空间有自己的看法。举个例子，一个工人可能会在脑海中注意到在一个忙碌的十字路口需要一个行人过路处，但是现代生活的压力意味着他/她不太可能将这个评论反馈给当地的理事会。这种知识--人们拥有但可能没有意识到它对他人的重要性--被称为隐性知识。VoiceYourView项目旨在调动社区的隐性知识，将公共空间改造得更加安全和包容。VoiceYourView概念最好通过示例来说明。想象一下英格兰中部的公园。玛丽今年72岁了，每天都遛狗。在她的路线上，在黄昏时分，她犹豫了，因为她走过一个大灌木丛，担心后面是什么。朱迪26岁。她慢跑的路线把她带到了公园里光线不足的地方，她很害怕。保罗43岁，带着他的孩子去公园，但他担心音乐台正成为青少年饮酒聚会的磁石。今天，玛丽、朱迪和保罗都只有有限的方式将他们的隐性知识传达给适当的人。他们需要写一封信--考虑到他们日常生活的时间压力，这是不太可能的。VoiceYourView的目标是为玛丽、朱迪和保罗提供一种方法，让他们在公园里遇到反馈时实时记录下来，而不必等到被遗忘。通过这种方式，VoiceYourView将收集实时信息，然后将其结构化，存储在在线存储库中，并与适当的利益相关者交换：其他用户，当地社区团体，地方当局等。假设是，通过这样做，VoiceYourView将导致公共空间设计更符合用户的需求，特别是，我们将设计包容性的输入设备，用于收集公共场所的隐性知识，并将实施一个知识库，该知识库将使用人工智能（AI）技术对这些知识进行过滤、结构化和分类。我们将在关键的公共区域进行一系列试验--包括德里城墙和考文垂地下通道--以推动和评估VoiceYourView研究。我们将进行基础研究，以了解VoiceYourView的要求如何受到现有犯罪趋势的影响，以及VoiceYourView如何融入和影响现有的设计流程。VoiceYourView是五所大学和相关合作伙伴之间的合作伙伴关系，将在三年内进行。

Individuals experience significantly more stress from the fear of crime than from any direct experience of it. Sources such as Health Canada maintain that the physical environment (e.g. unused and empty spaces, poorly lit areas, areas obscured with trees and shrubs) contributes to these experiences. As an example, on university campuses, opportunities for attackers to hide can increase student fears. It is extremely challenging, however, to design public spaces that fully alleviate the public's concerns over their safety. This is due to a number of reasons: (i) even the best design processes cannot fully anticipate a user group's needs; (ii) usage patterns by the public are not fully known until the public space has been in use for some time; (iii) usage patterns naturally change over time as the role of the space in the community evolves. As a consequence, despite notable attempts at considering safety in the design of public environments - e.g., Vivacity 2020 - a priori design will never be able to fully satisfy the public's needs.This proposal argues that users of a public space know the space best. It further contends that, at present, only a small proportion of users' views are taken into account during design. Design processes typically include public consultations before construction and post-occupancy evaluation surveys. However, relatively speaking, very few users provide input into these processes. On the other hand, all users have opinions about the spaces in which they live and work. As an example, a worker may mentally note that a pedestrian crossing is required at a busy intersection, but the pressures of modern life mean that s/he is unlikely ever to feed back this comment to the local council. This kind of knowledge - which people possess but may not realize its importance to others - is termed tacit knowledge. The VoiceYourView project aims to mobilise the tacit knowledge of a community to transform public spaces to be safer and more inclusive. The VoiceYourView concept is best illustrated by example. Imagine a park in central England. Mary is 72 years old and walks her dog every day. On her route, at dusk, she hesitates as she walks past a large shrub, fearing what is behind. Judy is 26. Her jogging route takes her into areas of the park that are poorly lit and she is afraid. Paul is 43 and takes his children to the park but is concerned that the bandstand is becoming a magnet for teenage drinking parties. Today, Mary, Judy and Paul each have limited ways of communicating their tacit knowledge to the appropriate people. They would need to compose a letter - which is unlikely given the time stresses on their daily lives. The goal of VoiceYourView is to provide Mary, Judy and Paul with a way to record their feedback in real-time at the moment it occurs to them in the park rather than having to wait until it is forgotten about. In this way, VoiceYourView will collect real-time information that can then be structured, stored in an online repository, and exchanged with appropriate stakeholders: other users, local community groups, local authorities, etc. The hypothesis is that, by so doing, VoiceYourView will lead to public space designs that are more attuned to the needs of their users and, in particular, do a better job at alleviating their safety concerns.We will design inclusive input devices for the collection of tacit knowledge in public spaces and will implement a repository that will use techniques from artificial intelligence (AI) to filter, structure and classify this knowledge. We will conduct a series of trials in key public areas - including Derry city walls and Coventry underpass - to drive and evaluate VoiceYourView research. We will undertake basic research to understand how VoiceYourView requirements are impacted by existing crime trends and how VoiceYourView fits into and influences existing design processes. VoiceYourView is a partnership between five universities and associated partners and will take place over a three year period.