ORGANIZATION OF CENTRAL SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM

中枢交感神经系统的组织

• 批准号: 3340070
• 负责人: Patrice G. Guyenet
• 金额: $ 11.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1982
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1982-04-01 至 1989-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3340070
• 关键词: afferent nerve; antihypertensive agents; autonomic reflex; baroreceptors; catecholamines; centrally acting drug; motor neurons; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurogenic hypertension; neuropharmacology; neurophysiology; neurotransmitters; pulmonary respiration; reticular formation; spontaneous hypertensive rat; sympathetic nervous system

The role of the central nervous system in regulating peripheral haemodynamics has been studied extensively in normotensive and hypertensive subjects but this work has been mostly conducted from a global operational point of view (input-output relationships). Rather little is known about the specific CNS circuits involved. Such well known realities as the sympathetic tone, baroreceptor reflexes, central baroreceptor resetting (drug-induced or otherwise), the "vasomotor center", have as yet very imprecise neurophysiological substrates. Even the most basic medullary circuits, including the pathways projecting to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons, are very poorly known. The goal of the proposed research is to establish a reasonable model of the medullary pathways involved in controlling the level of the sympathetic outflow and in generating the basal sympathetic tone. Our long-term interest in the pathology of blood pressure regulation is the reason for chosing the rat as experimental subject because of the unique research opportunities presented by the availability of well-studied models of hypertension in this species. The starting point of the proposed investigation is a neurophysiological study of the anterior ventrolateral reticular formation since there is now overwhelming evidence that this area is essential in the maintenance of the sympathetic tone, in the operation of baroreceptor reflexes and in relaying sympathoexcitation due to the activity of higher structures. The proposal is also predicated on our preliminary results which indicate that this area may indeed contain sympathetic premotorneurons (projecting to the thoracic sympathetic nucleus) controling the sympathetic outflow to the vasculature. A large part of the work will therefore be devoted to understanding the role of these neurons in generating the sympathetic tone and their contribution to baroreceptor and other sympathetic reflexes. The nature of the neurotransmitters used by these cells will also be investigated. A second part of the study will be devoted to the afferent inputs of these cells and more particularly to those which convey their powerful baroreceptor inhibition. Finally, an attempt will be made to understand in neurophysiological terms the pathology of a model of human essential hypertension, the SHR rat. This work represents an extension of our previous research which was more specifically targeted toward understanding the role of central monoaminergic pathways in central autonomic regulations.

中枢神经系统在外周神经系统调节中的作用 在血压正常和高血压患者中， 但这项工作主要是从全球业务进行的， 观点（输入-输出关系）。 我们对它知之甚少 所涉及的特定中枢神经系统回路 这些众所周知的现实， 交感神经紧张，压力感受性反射，中枢压力感受性重调定 （药物诱导或其他），“血管中心”，迄今为止， 不精确的神经生理学基质。 即使是最基本的骨髓 电路，包括投射到交感神经的通路 神经节前神经元，知之甚少。 建议的目标 研究目的是建立合理的髓通路模型 参与控制交感神经流出的水平， 产生基础交感神经紧张。 我们的长期利益 血压调节的病理学是选择大鼠作为 实验对象，因为提供了独特的研究机会 这是因为在这一物种中有经过充分研究的高血压模型。 研究的出发点是神经生理学 前腹外侧网状结构的研究，因为现在有 压倒性的证据表明，这一领域是必不可少的维护， 交感神经紧张，在压力感受器反射的操作和中继 由于高级结构的活动引起的交感神经兴奋。 该提案 也是基于我们的初步结果， 可能确实含有交感前运动神经元（投射到胸部 交感神经核）控制交感神经流出到 脉管系统 因此，大部分工作将用于 了解这些神经元在产生交感神经紧张中的作用 以及它们对压力感受器和其他交感神经反射的作用。 的 这些细胞所使用的神经递质的性质也将是 研究了 研究的第二部分将致力于传入 这些细胞的输入，更具体地说，是那些传递它们的 强大的压力感受器抑制 最后，将尝试 从神经生理学的角度理解人类模型的病理学， 原发性高血压，SHR大鼠。 这项工作是我们以前研究的延伸， 特别是针对理解中央的作用， 中枢自主调节中的单胺能通路。