3-D RECONSTRUCTION AND AUTOMATIC TRACKING OF 2-D ECHOES

长期目标：验证并提供新的量化 超声心动图技术在整体和局部室壁研究中的应用 疾病。 目的1：建立有效和精确的左心室容量测量方法 心肌梗死和正常福尔马林固定的心肌质量和心内膜表面积 和孤立的跳动的心脏，完整的动物和至少有 全球几何假设。这将通过以下方式实现 火花间隙换能器二维定位系统 超声心动图轮廓系统，均在本实验室开发。 其结果将是对多个 二维超声心动图。对于完好无损的心室质量 狗和病人，将与实际的质量进行比较 切除了脑室。患者将包括那些接受心脏手术的人 移植；移植的脑室的肿块将很容易 手术后确定的。获得体积、质量和表面积的能力 这样的领域应该为研究提供许多应用 导致局部畸形或功能障碍的疾病状态--例如 冠状动脉疾病-依赖于主要疾病的方法的实用性 全球几何假设将是有限的。 目标2：扩展和验证现有计算机系统以实现自动 动物和人的二维超声心动图的追踪。这将是 通过互相关映射和边缘跟踪的组合来完成 技巧。在动物身上的验证将包括在体外获得的图像 并在体内进行临床验证。评估和验证 自动等高线的精度和速度将分四个步骤进行。 1)校准精度和校准；2)福尔马林固定的狗心和猪心 以提供超声心动图，从左室腔和肌肉 体积可以测量和量化；3)使用孤立支持的研究 跳出狗心以比较手动和自动轮廓 确定了绝对逐帧体积数据的超声心动图数据 用容积室装置准确地显示梗死灶和 4)不同质量的临床超声心动图 将用于比较手动和自动轮廓绘制技术。 最后，我们将实现自动轮廓绘制系统，用于 三维超声心动图重建(目标1)。这个系统 经验证后，将能够快速、高度一致地分析心内膜 和心外膜轮廓，并允许自动获取必要的数据 用于分析节段性室壁运动、增厚、容量和心内膜 表面积。

Long term objective: validate and provide new quantitative echocardiographic methods for the study of global and regional ventricular disease. Aim 1: To develop valid and precise measures of left ventricular volume mass, and endocardial surface area in infarcted and normal formalin-fixed and isolated ejecting hearts, intact animals, and man with a minimum of global geometric assumption. This will be accomplished by means of a spark-gap transducer locating system in concert with a two-dimensional echocardiographic contouring system, both developed in this laboratory. The result will be three-dimensional reconstruction of multiple two-dimensional echocardiographic images. For ventricular mass in intact dogs and patients, comparison will be made against the actual mass of the excised ventricle. Patients will consist of those undergoing cardiac transplantation; the mass of the explanted ventricle will be readily determined after surgery. The ability to obtain volume, mass and surface area in this way should provide numerous applications to the study of disease states resulting in regional deformation or dysfunction - such as coronary artery disease - where the utility of methods which rely on major global geometric assumptions would be limited. Aim 2: To extend and validate an existing computer system for automatic tracking of two-dimensional echocardiograms in animals and man. This will be done by a combination of cross-correlation mapping and edge-tracking techniques. Validation in animals will include images obtained in vitro and in vivo followed by clinical validation. Evaluation and validation of the accuracy and speed of automatic contouring will be made in four steps. 1) alignment accuracy and calibration; 2) formalin-fixed dog and pig hearts to provide echocardiograms from which left ventricular cavity and muscle volume can be measured and quantified; 3) studies using isolated supported ejecting dog hearts to compare both manual and automatically contoured echocardiographic data with absolute frame-by-frame volume data determined accurately with a volumetric chamber apparatus, in both infarcted and non-infarcted ventricles; 4) clinical echocardiograms of varying quality will be used to compare manual and automatic contouring techniques. Finally, we will implement the automatic contouring system for use in three-dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction (Aim 1). This system when validated will enable rapid highly consistent analysis of endocardial and epicardial contours, and allow automated acquisition of data necessary for analysis of regional wall motion, thickening, volume, and endocardial surface area.