3-D RECONSTRUCTION AND AUTOMATIC TRACKING OF 2-D ECHOES

长期目标：验证并提供新的定量 超声心动图研究心室整体和局部的方法 疾病 目的1：建立准确有效的左心室容积测量方法 梗死和正常福尔马林固定的血管内膜表面积 和孤立的弹射心脏，完整的动物，和人与最低限度的 全局几何假设 这将通过一个 火花隙传感器定位系统与二维 超声心动图轮廓系统，都在这个实验室开发。 结果将是多个的三维重建 二维超声心动图图像。 对于心室质量， 狗和病人，比较将与实际质量的 切除心室。 患者将包括接受心脏手术的患者 移植;移植的心室的质量将很容易 手术后确定。 获得体积、质量和表面的能力 这种方式应该为研究提供许多应用程序， 导致局部变形或功能障碍的疾病状态-例如 冠状动脉疾病-其中依赖于主要 全局几何假设将是有限的。 目标2：扩展和验证现有的计算机系统， 跟踪动物和人的二维超声心动图。这将 通过互相关映射和边缘跟踪的组合来完成 技术. 动物验证将包括体外获得的图像 并在体内进行临床验证。 评价和验证 自动轮廓绘制的准确性和速度将分四个步骤进行。 1)对齐精度和校准; 2）福尔马林固定的狗和猪心脏 提供超声心动图， 体积可以测量和量化; 3）使用隔离支持的研究 弹出狗心比较手动和自动轮廓 超声心动图数据和确定的绝对逐帧体积数据 准确地与容积室装置，在梗塞和 非梗死心室; 4）不同质量的临床超声心动图 将用于比较手动和自动轮廓绘制技术。 最后，我们将实现自动轮廓系统， 三维超声心动图重建（Aim 1）。 该系统 当验证时，将能够快速、高度一致地分析内分泌物 和心外膜轮廓，并允许自动采集必要的数据 用于分析局部室壁运动、增厚、容积和内径 表面积

Long term objective: validate and provide new quantitative echocardiographic methods for the study of global and regional ventricular disease. Aim 1: To develop valid and precise measures of left ventricular volume mass, and endocardial surface area in infarcted and normal formalin-fixed and isolated ejecting hearts, intact animals, and man with a minimum of global geometric assumption. This will be accomplished by means of a spark-gap transducer locating system in concert with a two-dimensional echocardiographic contouring system, both developed in this laboratory. The result will be three-dimensional reconstruction of multiple two-dimensional echocardiographic images. For ventricular mass in intact dogs and patients, comparison will be made against the actual mass of the excised ventricle. Patients will consist of those undergoing cardiac transplantation; the mass of the explanted ventricle will be readily determined after surgery. The ability to obtain volume, mass and surface area in this way should provide numerous applications to the study of disease states resulting in regional deformation or dysfunction - such as coronary artery disease - where the utility of methods which rely on major global geometric assumptions would be limited. Aim 2: To extend and validate an existing computer system for automatic tracking of two-dimensional echocardiograms in animals and man. This will be done by a combination of cross-correlation mapping and edge-tracking techniques. Validation in animals will include images obtained in vitro and in vivo followed by clinical validation. Evaluation and validation of the accuracy and speed of automatic contouring will be made in four steps. 1) alignment accuracy and calibration; 2) formalin-fixed dog and pig hearts to provide echocardiograms from which left ventricular cavity and muscle volume can be measured and quantified; 3) studies using isolated supported ejecting dog hearts to compare both manual and automatically contoured echocardiographic data with absolute frame-by-frame volume data determined accurately with a volumetric chamber apparatus, in both infarcted and non-infarcted ventricles; 4) clinical echocardiograms of varying quality will be used to compare manual and automatic contouring techniques. Finally, we will implement the automatic contouring system for use in three-dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction (Aim 1). This system when validated will enable rapid highly consistent analysis of endocardial and epicardial contours, and allow automated acquisition of data necessary for analysis of regional wall motion, thickening, volume, and endocardial surface area.