Nanodiamond Additives for Cold Water Cleaning

用于冷水清洗的纳米金刚石添加剂

• 批准号: EP/H034269/1
• 负责人: Andrew Marsh
• 金额: $ 16.76万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH034269%2F1
• 关键词: Nanodiamond; Additives; Cold; Water; Cleaning

Cleaning clothes directly, or indirectly, affects everyone on the planet, making it hugely important in terms of energy and resource usage. Traditional methods of washing rely on high temperature, mechanical action and extended washing times - sometimes a tremendously social activity in the right environment, but one that we have come to realise has a negative impact in the way precious resources such as water, energy and even our time are used. An estimated 80% of the energy is used to heat water in a domestic wash and it is suggested that reducing a typical laundry cycle from 40 degrees C by 10 degrees reduces that energy usage by up to 40%. The technical challenge faced in a deceptively simple domestic wash is enormous. An average load contains 40 g of soil; heavily soiled washing may contain over 120 g, much of which comes from contact with our bodies. This soil and dirt is a complex, often poorly understood mixture of proteins, starches, carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, salts, clays and pigments, all associated with a wide range of fabrics. An equally complex mixture of detergents, enzymes and other chemicals that comprise a modern laundry agent are used to tackle the challenge of removing the soil and dirt from laundry fabric and keep it from re-entering cleaned clothes. In that process crystallized fat and lipid are the most difficult to remove at the low temperatures sought by the need to reduce energy and resource usage. It is precisely this challenge that we seek to address in our proposed research.Diamond and related synthetic carbon materials appear an unlikely choice of additive to the washing process, but they possess such special properties in terms of our ability to control very precisely their shape, size and surface chemistry that in fact they offer a fantastic opportunity. The materials we shall make are expected to interact with both the detergents used in the wash process and the unsolved problem of crystallized lipid particles on fabric in a unique way. Firstly they will make structures resembling small cells with the detergents and secondly these will aid the delivery of the nanodiamonds to the crystallized lipid adhering to the fabric. We shall use a combination of methods to study how the fluorescent nanodiamonds interact with the surface and then allow the lipid to be brought into solution. These include: a very sensitive method for measuring the amount of material adhering to a variety of test surfaces of differing underlying roughness and a means of directly observing the nanodiamond particles as they move across the 'soiled fabric' and lift off the grease. In this one-year, proof-of-principle project we shall develop both the new materials and methodologies to the point where we are able to say to what extent the novel additives bring about cleaning of the surfaces in a way that wasn't previously possible.In summary we believe that this innovation will be the step forward required to enable the removal of crystallized fat and lipid at much lower temperatures than currently possible. This has the potential to bring huge savings of energy and other resources to an essential, everyday task.

清洁衣服直接或间接地影响着地球上的每个人，使其在能源和资源使用方面变得非常重要。传统的洗涤方法依赖于高温、机械作用和延长洗涤时间-有时在适当的环境中是一项巨大的社会活动，但我们已经意识到，这对水、能源甚至我们的时间等宝贵资源的使用方式产生了负面影响。估计80%的能量用于加热家庭洗涤中的水，并且建议将典型的洗衣周期从40摄氏度降低10度，从而将能量使用降低高达40%。看似简单的家庭洗涤面临的技术挑战是巨大的。平均负荷含有40克的土壤;严重污染的洗涤可能含有超过120克，其中大部分来自与我们的身体接触。这种土壤和污垢是一种复杂的，通常知之甚少的蛋白质，淀粉，碳水化合物，脂质，脂肪酸，盐，粘土和色素的混合物，所有这些都与广泛的织物有关。一种同样复杂的洗涤剂、酶和其他化学品的混合物构成了一种现代洗衣剂，用于解决从洗衣织物上去除污垢和污垢的挑战，并防止其重新进入清洁的衣服。在该过程中，结晶脂肪和脂质是最难在低温下去除的，这是为了减少能源和资源使用的需要。我们的研究正是要解决这一挑战。金刚石和相关的合成碳材料似乎不太可能成为洗涤过程中的添加剂，但它们具有特殊的性能，我们能够非常精确地控制它们的形状，尺寸和表面化学，实际上它们提供了一个绝佳的机会。我们将制造的材料预计将以独特的方式与洗涤过程中使用的洗涤剂和织物上结晶脂质颗粒的未解决问题相互作用。首先，它们将用洗涤剂制造类似于小细胞的结构，其次，这些将有助于将纳米金刚石递送到粘附在织物上的结晶脂质。我们将使用多种方法的组合来研究荧光纳米金刚石如何与表面相互作用，然后使脂质进入溶液。其中包括：一种非常灵敏的方法，用于测量粘附在不同底层粗糙度的各种测试表面上的材料的量，以及一种当纳米金刚石颗粒移动穿过“弄脏的织物”并从油脂上剥离时直接观察纳米金刚石颗粒的方法。在这个为期一年的原理验证项目中，我们将开发新的材料和方法，以达到我们能够说新型添加剂在多大程度上以以前不可能的方式清洁表面的程度。总之，我们相信这项创新将是在比目前更低的温度下去除结晶脂肪和脂质所需的一步。这有可能为基本的日常任务节省大量的能源和其他资源。

项目成果

Modification and characterization of diamond nanoparticles for cold water cleaning

用于冷水清洗的金刚石纳米颗粒的改性和表征

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Andrew Marsh