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MERLIN: Mesopically Enhanced Road Lighting: Improving Night-vision

MERLIN：中间视觉增强道路照明：改善夜视

基本信息

批准号：
EP/H050817/1
负责人：
Stephen Fotios
金额：
$ 53.21万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH050817%2F1
关键词：
MERLIN Mesopically Enhanced Road Lighting

项目摘要

This project will investigate how the lighting of roads in residential areas might be changed so as to preserve the benefits of good vision while minimising energy consumption. In residential roads the road lighting is designed primarily to meet the needs of pedestrians. Benefits of road lighting for the pedestrian are enhancement of safe movement (e.g. increased visibility of potential trip hazards) and perceived safety. Minimising energy consumption will also reduce operating costs and carbon emissions. Road lighting in the UK consumes 2.5TWh electricity per annum, of which approximately one third is associated with residential streets (the remainder being trunk route lighting, signs and bollards). At a typical unit cost of 0.10/kWh this represents an annual cost of over 83 million. Recent advances in lighting technology and in our understanding of mesopic vision have the potential to improve specification of the spectral power distribution (SPD) and spatial distribution of lighting to achieve reductions in the level of illumination, and hence a reduction in energy consumption, whilst maintaining or even improving the level of benefits. A direct route to improved lighting design and thus energy savings will be through better specification of residential street lighting criteria. This will be realised by amendments to British Standard BS5489-1: two of the applicants serve on national and international standardisation bodies for road lighting and so are able to implement such amendments.Comparison with international practise suggests that light levels used in the UK may be excessive. In the UK, residential streets are lit to average pavement illuminances in the range 2 to 15 lux. However, Australia tends to use average illuminances of only 0.5 to 0.85 lux, and 3 to 5 lux in Japan. Thus there is clear potential to reduce light levels in the UK.The project involves three major stages. First, we propose to identify and characterise the principal visual tasks of pedestrians at night-time and the key aspects of the visual environment they consider to be important. This will be established by analysing the pedestrian environment on current residential roads: an eye tracking study will be carried out to determine what objects are viewed when walking at night-time together with a reassurance study to determine how the spatial and photometric characteristics of streets affect perceived safety. To our knowledge, the fundamental question of 'What is important to pedestrians' has not been the focus of any previous research. The work proposed for the second stage will identify how these critical visual tasks are affected by the level of illumination, spectral power distribution and spatial distribution of lighting. This will be examined in two parallel studies; (i) an examination of threshold visual responses, and (ii) an examination of the performance of applied tasks, such as facial recognition. The final stage will determine the optimum criteria for lighting design in residential streets and hence the optimum illuminances and light source properties based on the data obtained in the project. We will subsequently demonstrate and validate the benefits of implementing the new findings to end users by re-lighting a sample of residential streets using the optimised design criteria that will emerge from this project. Because this work will be dependant upon the previous findings and because it requires agreement with local authorities this part of the project has been scheduled as a follow-up activity. Agreement has already been obtained from lighting equipment manufacturers to donate much of the equipment needed for this work.

该项目将研究如何改变住宅区的道路照明，以保持良好视野的好处，同时最大限度地减少能源消耗。在住宅区道路中，道路照明的设计主要是为了满足行人的需求。道路照明对行人的好处是增强安全移动（例如增加潜在绊倒危险的可见性）和感知安全性。最大限度地减少能源消耗还将降低运营成本和碳排放。英国的道路照明每年消耗 2.5TWh 电力，其中约三分之一与住宅街道相关（其余为干线照明、标志和护柱）。以 0.10/kWh 的典型单位成本计算，这意味着每年的成本超过 8300 万美元。照明技术的最新进展以及我们对中间视觉的理解有可能改善光谱功率分布（SPD）和照明空间分布的规范，以实现照明水平的降低，从而减少能源消耗，同时保持甚至提高效益水平。改进照明设计从而节省能源的直接途径是通过更好地规范住宅街道照明标准。这将通过对英国标准 BS5489-1 的修订来实现：两个申请者在国家和国际道路照明标准化机构任职，因此能够实施此类修订。与国际实践的比较表明，英国使用的照明水平可能过高。在英国，住宅街道的平均路面照度在 2 至 15 勒克斯范围内。然而，澳大利亚往往使用的平均照度仅为 0.5 至 0.85 勒克斯，日本为 3 至 5 勒克斯。因此，英国明显有减少光照水平的潜力。该项目包括三个主要阶段。首先，我们建议识别和描述行人在夜间的主要视觉任务以及他们认为重要的视觉环境的关键方面。这将通过分析当前住宅区道路上的行人环境来建立：将进行眼球追踪研究，以确定夜间行走时会看到哪些物体，同时进行保证研究，以确定街道的空间和光度特征如何影响感知安全。据我们所知，“什么对行人来说是重要的”这个基本问题并不是任何先前研究的焦点。第二阶段提出的工作将确定这些关键视觉任务如何受到照明水平、光谱功率分布和照明空间分布的影响。这将在两项平行研究中进行检验； (i) 检查阈值视觉反应，以及 (ii) 检查应用任务的表现，例如面部识别。最后阶段将根据项目中获得的数据确定住宅街道照明设计的最佳标准，从而确定最佳照度和光源特性。随后，我们将使用该项目中出现的优化设计标准重新照亮住宅街道样本，向最终用户展示和验证实施新发现的好处。由于这项工作将取决于先前的调查结果，并且需要与地方当局达成协议，因此该项目的这一部分已安排为后续活动。照明设备制造商已经同意捐赠这项工作所需的大部分设备。