Inverter connected battery technology with advanced fault ride through capability on LV grid system to help offset the need for standby generation

交通和电力行业都发生了重大变化，这意味着需要进行大量工作，以确保构成新的智能电网概念的组件及时可用。目前，动态电压恢复器和UPS系统可以帮助消费者解决电能质量问题。然而，现在是时候考虑使用改进的电池/逆变电源调节系统（PCS）来提供更多的电网支持了（尽管目前标准并不一定支持这一选项）。该项目的目的是建立模型，原型和测试一个电力电子逆变器系统，该系统将二手汽车电池（或带有电动汽车电池的车辆）连接到电网系统，该系统旨在满足以下关键要求；低成本，可靠，易于复制，单相运行（导致三相运行），能够安全地充电和放电电池，并提供增强的DER（分布式能源）功能，以支持智能电网功能。研究将集中在增强的DER功能的更高级的功能：1。先进的电池状态监测，确保电池在使用寿命结束时得到最佳利用。目前，有几种技术可用于查看电池SOC（充电状态）。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测量在确定电池健康状况方面应用广泛。然而，传统上，EIS的转换速度很慢。过去几年发布的新技术表明，现在有可能在电力电子设备中包括EIS测量，并选择在电力电子DSP中进行处理。这将节省硬件成本，并给出一个非常准确的指示，电池的健康。故障穿越和电压支持，以帮助解决稳定性问题。英国和美国的标准要求并网发电在孤岛检测和欠压检测时掉线。这导致了过去十年在欧洲和美国出现的停电。在欧盟内部，有一些国家的故障穿越能力略有不同。为了确保电力电子设备能够协助电压支持，电力调节系统需要能够满足所有这些要求，而不是当前标准中不那么繁琐的要求。这导致需要制定控制策略来处理这个问题。快速响应纺纱储备支持。电池系统能够对频率的变化做出快速反应，并在足够的时间尺度上做出反应，以承担旋转发电机的作用。集总系统可以代表变电站的大量负荷减少，其作用方式与变电站的发电量增加相同。有修改控制系统的余地，以确定何时需要主响应纺丝负荷，并作出适当的反应。与智能电网系统的通信任何未来将与智能电网系统集成的系统都需要能够与控制器通信，无论是住宅电源控制器还是工业电源控制器。PCS将被要求传递有助于在操作中心整理数据的信息，如电池可用性、状态监测信息（如温度）或故障信息。5. 电能质量校正有很多关于电能质量问题的出版文献，UPS和DVR系统已经被开发出来处理这些问题。建议的电池/逆变器系统能够承担有功电能质量管理的责任。

There are significant changes within both the transport and electricity industries that mean that significant work needs to happen to ensure that the components that will make up the new smart grid concept are available in a timely manner. At present dynamic voltage restorers and UPS systems are available to assist the consumer with power quality issues. However, it is now appropriate timing to consider using modified battery/inverter power conditioning systems (PCS) to provide much more in the way of grid support (even though this is not necessarily an option currently supported by standards). The aim of the project is to model, prototype and test a power electronic inverter system which interfaces used car batteries (or vehicles with EV batteries) to an electricity grid system, which is designed to meet the following key requirements; low cost, reliable, easily reproducible, single phase operation (leading to three phase operation), able to charge and discharge batteries safely and to provide enhanced DER (Distributed Energy Resource) functionality to support smart grid functionality.The research will focus on the more advanced features of the enhanced DER functionality:1. Advanced condition monitoring of the batteries to ensure that they are optimally utilised to end of life. At present there are several techniques available which look at battery SOC (state of charge). EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) measurements are widely used with relation to determining battery health. However, EIS has traditionally been slow to commute. New techniques published over the last few years show that there is now the possibility of including the EIS measurement within the power electronics and choosing to undertake the processing within the power electronic DSP. This will save on hardware costs and give a very accurate indication as to the health of the battery.2. Fault ride through and voltage support to help with stability issues.Standards in the UK and the USA request that connected generation drop out on island detection and under voltage detection. This has led to the blackouts that have been seen over the past ten years in Europe and USA. Within the EU there are a number of countries all of which have slightly different fault ride through capability. To ensure that power electronics can assist with voltage support the power conditioning systems needs to be able to meet all these requirements rather than the less onerous ones that are in the current standards. This leads to the need to develop the control strategy to deal with this.3. Fast response spinning reserve support. Battery systems are capable of reacting quickly to changes in frequency and responding over a sufficient time scale to assume the role of a spinning generator. Lumped systems could represent a big load reduction at a substation acting in the same way as an increase in generation at a substation. There is scope to modify the control system to determine when primary responce spinning load is needed and react appropriately.4. Communication to a smart grid system Any future system that will integrate with a smart grid system will need to be able to communicate with a controller whether this be a residential power controller or an industrial power controller. The PCS will be required to pass information that assists with the collation of data at the operations centre such as the battery availability, condition monitoring information (eg temperatures) or fault information. 5. Power Quality correctionThere is much published literature on power quality problems and UPS and DVR systems have been developed to deal with these. The battery/inverter system suggested is capable of assuming this responsibility for active power quality management.