AGE AND BODY SIZE FACTORS IN INHALED PARTICLE DEPOSITION

吸入颗粒沉积中的年龄和体型因素

• 批准号: 3356494
• 负责人: Robert F Phalen
• 金额: $ 17.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-07-01 至 1992-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3356494
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); aerosols; biological models; body physical activity; body physical characteristic; child (0-11); computer simulation; human age group; infant human (0-1 year); inhalation drug administration; mathematical model; model design /development; morphology; newborn human (0-6 weeks); oral pharyngeal; pollution related respiratory disorder; radiation dosage; respiratory airway clearance; respiratory airway pressure; respiratory function; respiratory system

Despite the facts that newborns, infants and older children have greater ventilation per unit of body weight and that modeling efforts indicate that they generally receive greater doses from inhaled particles than do adults, there are no validated aerosol inhalation dose models for pre-adults. The proposed research is intended to remedy this deficiency. Research will be conducted in two areas; performing aerosol deposition experiments in adult- and child-sized hollow airway models, and application of computational models to children. These two efforts are mutually supportive because the hollow model data can be used to validate and/or modify the computational models, and the computational models can be used to identify the hollow model features that strongly determine particle deposition. The scope includes the particle aerodynamic diameters of most interest in toxicology (0.1 to 20 micrometers), ages 0 years to adult, several states of activity (resting to heavy exertion), and as the study proceeds, atypical anatomical or physiological features, non-ideal particles, and mixtures of pollutants. Laboratory studies will use hollow models which are designed from anatomical data on growing people, and which take into account the critical structural features that are known to influence the major aerosol deposition mechanisms (impaction, diffusion and sedimentation). The models will be subjected to laboratory-generated aerosols of known sizes at controlled airflows and particle deposition will be measured. The computational models will be based on models known to be valid for adults and they will include sequential deposition in each of the anatomical regions. The inspirability of airborne particles of various sizes will be included in the computational model. Existing computational models will be improved as part of the project. The results will include aerosol deposition efficiencies in hollow models of various sizes that represent regions of the respiratory tract (nasal, oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and tracheobronchial). Results will also include dosimetric computations for these regions (and the alveolar region) for various ages and states of activity.

尽管事实上新生儿、婴儿和年龄较大的儿童 每单位体重的通气量更大，建模 努力表明他们通常会接受更大的剂量 吸入颗粒比成人多，没有经过验证的气溶胶 成人前的吸入剂量模型。 拟议的研究是 旨在弥补这一缺陷。 将进行研究 在两个领域；在成人中进行气溶胶沉积实验 和儿童大小的空心气道模型及其应用 儿童的计算模型。 这两项努力是相辅相成的 支持，因为空心模型数据可以用来验证 和/或修改计算模型，以及计算 模型可用于识别空心模型特征 强烈决定颗粒沉积。 范围包括大多数颗粒物的空气动力学直径 对毒理学感兴趣（0.1 至 20 微米），年龄 0 岁至 成人，几种活动状态（休息到重体力劳动），以及 研究进展，非典型的解剖或生理特征， 非理想颗粒和污染物混合物。 实验室研究将使用设计的空心模型 来自成长中的人的解剖数据，并考虑到 考虑已知的关键结构特征 影响主要的气溶胶沉积机制（撞击、 扩散和沉淀）。 模型将受到 实验室在受控条件下产生的已知尺寸的气溶胶 将测量气流和颗粒沉积。 计算模型将基于已知的模型 对成人有效，并且它们将包括在每个 的解剖区域。 空气中颗粒物的可吸入性 不同尺寸的数据将包含在计算模型中。 作为该计划的一部分，现有的计算模型将得到改进 项目。 结果将包括空心中的气溶胶沉积效率 代表呼吸区域的各种尺寸的模型 道（鼻、口腔、咽、喉和气管支气管）。 结果还将包括这些的剂量计算 不同年龄和状态的区域（和牙槽区域） 活动。