NEURONAL BASIS FOR CARDIORESPIRATORY INTEGRATION

区域血流和心输出量的调节是 与呼吸密切配合，以确保适当的氧气和 面对变化多端的二氧化碳在全身各器官的交换 能源需求。神经、心血管和呼吸反射 它们在健康过程中起着重要的调节作用，也可能 导致成人睡眠呼吸暂停等临床疾病 以及新生儿中枢性和阻塞性呼吸暂停和突发性 婴儿死亡综合症。呼吸节律的神经基础 代谢性和中枢心血管控制只是部分 已理解，并负责 这两项基本职能的整合在很大程度上仍然存在 只是猜想。例如，中央通路负责 延髓呼吸发生器的兴奋性影响 交感神经的流出是完全未知的， 髓内通路对血管舒缩作用的影响 由激活心脏瓣膜和其他受体产生 这也能控制呼吸。 许多证据已经表明，吻部腹外侧部 延髓可能在心肺整合中起关键作用 和中枢化疗敏感性。因此，很大一部分 建议的研究将致力于研究几种类型的 腹外侧髓细胞将广泛地 从连通性的角度来看， 神经递质含量和电生理特性。 努力将主要集中在四个嘴腹侧 延髓网状脊髓细胞、C1肾上腺素能神经元、神经元 舌下束间核的Boetzinger复合体 呼气相关神经元和交感兴奋起搏- 制造神经元之前在这个实验室中描述过。 实验方法将包括现代轨迹跟踪 离子电泳法的技术和单单元记录 “体内”和“体外”药物的应用。其他实验 也被设计用来测试某些类型的 球脊髓呼吸前运动神经元位于 延髓头端腹外侧可能直接支配脊髓 节前神经元。综合起来，这些实验将 增加我们对中枢有氧运动方式的理解 呼吸整合运作，并可能导致同一性 在中枢化学感觉中起重要作用的神经元 功能。

The regulation of regional blood flows and cardiac output is closely coordinated with respiration to ensure proper oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in all body organs in the face of variable energy demands. Neural cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes which play important regulatory roles during health, may also contribute to clinical disorders such as sleep apnea in the adult and central and obstructive apnea of the newborn and the sudden infant death syndrome. The neuronal basis of respiratory rhythm generation and central cardiovascular control are only partially understood and the central connections responsible for the integration of these two essential functions remain largely conjectural. For example, the central pathways responsible for the excitatory influence of the medullary respiratory generator on the sympathetic outflow are totally unknown as are the intramedullary pathways responsible for the vasomotor effects produced by activation of cardioplumonary and other receptors which also control respiration. Much evidence already suggests that the rostral ventrolateral medulla may play a crucial role in cardiorespiratory integration and central chemosensitivity. Thus a major portion of the proposed research will be devoted to a study of several types of ventrolateral medullary cells which will be extensively characterized from the standpoint of connectivity, neurotransmitter content and electrophysiological properties. Efforts will be mainly concentrated on four rostral ventrolateral medullary reticulospinal cells, the C1 adrenergic neurons, neurons of nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi, the Boetzinger complex expiratory related neurons and the sympathoexcitatory pace- maker neurons previously described in this laboratory. The experimental approach will include modern track-tracing techniques and single-unit recordings with iontophoretic application of drugs "in vivo" and "in vitro". Other experiments are also designed to test the hypothesis that certain types of bulbospinal respiratory premotorneurons located outside the rostral ventrolateral medulla might directly innervate spinal preganglionic neurons. In combination, these experiments will increase our understanding of the way in which central cardio- respiratory integration operates and may lead to the idenification of neurons with an essential role in central chemosensory function.