DEVEL EFFECTS OF TV ON CHILDREN'S BEHAV & CAPABILITIES

这项研究的最初目的是确定 儿童早期发育的连续性和变化 并调查这些模式是如何 与家庭环境的影响和儿童的 认知和社交技能。续期的主要目的 是(1)更充分地审视家庭环境的作用 在儿童对电视的使用和反应中，(2)检查 族属性如何修改或调节查看的“效果” 关于儿童的认知和社交技能，(3)调查 父母和兄弟姐妹观看的模式，以及(4)检查 儿童观看的时间模式。数据由丰富的 关于326的电视观看的纵向信息集 幼儿和他们的家人。有两组儿童是 分别从3-5岁和5-7岁开始随访2年。家长 完成了五本每半年一次的电视日记，描述了 所有家庭成员都可以观看。父母都是 采访和儿童在两次测试之前和之后进行测试- 一年期间。 感兴趣的结果是查看不同类型的模式 电视节目，以及这些节目的发展变化 模式，而不仅仅是总的电视收视率。四种类型的 将考虑家庭环境变量：(A)直接 父母和兄弟姐妹照顾子女的影响；(B) 父母和兄弟姐妹总体上的间接影响 观看，父母使用其他媒体，以及父母的态度和 条例；(C)家庭生活的结构特征，如 产妇就业和户外活动；和(D) 家中有电视选项。的时间模式 儿童的观看将通过对 日记记录，以确定观看剧集的时长和方式 可能的孩子们会在同一个平台上观看连续的节目 频道，他们转换频道的可能性有多大，以及这些 概率受程序中的更改或存在的影响 其他家庭成员的身份。因为电视是不可或缺的一部分 关于家庭生活的信息，关于家庭在 使儿童对电视的使用和反应社会化 对心理健康的重要影响。

The initial purposes of this research were to identify patterns of developmental continuity and change in children's early television viewing and to investigate how those patterns are related to family environmental influences and to children's cognitive and social skills. The major purposes of the renewal are (1) to examine more fully the role of the family environment in children's use of and responses to television, (2) to examine how family attributes modify or mediate the "effects" of viewing on children's cognitive and social skills, (3) to investigate patterns of viewing for parents and siblings, and (4) to examine temporal patterns in children's viewing. The data consist of rich set of longitudinal information about television viewing of 326 young children and their families. Two cohorts of children were followed for 2 years from ages 3-5 and 5-7 respectively. Parents completed five semiannual one-week television diaries describing all viewing by all members of the household. Parents were interviewed and children were tested before and after the two- year period. The outcomes of interest are patterns of viewing different types of television programs, and developmental changes in those patterns, not simply total television viewing. Four types of family environmental variables will be considered: (a) direct influences of parents' and siblings' coviewing with children; (b) indirect influences provided by parents' and siblings' overall viewing, parents' use of other media, and parent attitudes and regulations; (c) structural features of family life such as maternal employment and out-of-home activities; and (d) television options in the home. The temporal patterns of children's viewing will be assessed by fine-grained analysis of the diary records to determine how long viewing episodes last, how likely children are to watch successive programs on the same channel, how likely they are to change channels, and how these probabilities are affected by changes in programs or by presence of other family members. Because television is an integral part of family life, information about the role of the family in socializing children's uses of and responses to television has important implications for mental health.