GENETICS, RESPONSE TO EXERCISE AND RISK FACTORS

这项研究将记录基因型在心血管疾病中的作用， 有氧运动训练对机体代谢的影响 的遗传因素的变化所带来的定期锻炼， 几种心血管疾病和糖尿病的危险因素。 组成的财团 来自美国和加拿大五个不同机构的五个实验室 将参与这项研究。 共650名久坐不动的 将招募受试者，进行初步测试， 20周后再次测试 这些主题将来自 130个双亲和3个生物学成年子女的家庭，90 白人和40个非洲裔美国家庭。 氧摄取，呼气 容量和呼吸交换率，血压，心率，血液 乳酸、葡萄糖、甘油和游离脂肪酸、每搏输出量和心脏 训练前后的训练期间将测量输出， 确定最大摄氧量。 血脂、脂蛋白和 脱辅基蛋白、葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素对葡萄糖负荷的反应， 血浆性类固醇和糖皮质激素，静息收缩和舒张 血压，身体脂肪和区域脂肪分布也将 评估。 营养摄入量、习惯性体力活动水平和 其他生活方式成分将通过三天记录进行评估， 问卷调查 多变量遗传分析和复杂分离 将进行分析，以发展有关遗传学的假设。 运动训练反应的基础。 随后，协会 将使用候选人的探针进行遗传标记研究， 与能量相关途径的关键调节酶有关的基因， 激素和激素受体，以及表型的脱辅基蛋白 通过分离分析显示主基因效应， 健康相关表型的高反应者和低反应者。 本研究 应该增加我们对人类变异的理解， 适应运动训练和随之而来的变化， 心血管疾病和糖尿病的危险因素。

The research will document the role of the genotype in the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to aerobic exercise-training and the contribution of inherited factors in the changes brought about by regular exercise for several cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. A consortium of five laboratories from five different institutions in the U.S. and Canada will be involved in carrying out this study. A total of 650 sedentary subjects will be recruited, initially tested, exercise-trained with the same program for 20-weeks, and re-tested. These subjects will come from 130 families with both parents and three biological adult offsprings, 90 Caucasian and 40 African American families. Oxygen uptake, expiratory volume and respiratory exchange ratio, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lactate, glucose, glycerol and free-fatty acids, stroke volume and cardiac output will be measured during exercise before and after training the maximal oxygen uptake will be determined. Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins, glucose tolerance and insulin response to a glucose load, plasma sex steroids and glucocorticoids, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and body fat and regional fat distribution will also be assessed. Nutritional intake, level of habitual physical activity and other lifestyle components will be assessed with three day records and questionnaires. Multivariate genetic analyses and complex segregation analyses will be carried out to develop hypotheses concerning the genetic basis of the response to exercise-training. subsequently, association studies with genetic markers will be undertaken using probes for candidate genes pertaining to key regulatory enzymes of the energy-related pathways, hormones and hormone receptors, and apoproteins for the phenotypes exhibiting a major gene effect through segregation analysis and for the high- and low-responders in health related phenotypes. This research should increase our understanding of human variation, the genetics of adaptation to exercise-training and of the concomitant changes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors.