COGNITIVE CAPACITY AND LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION

认知能力和语言理解能力

• 批准号: 3375107
• 负责人: MARCEL Adam JUST
• 金额: $ 10.86万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-30 至 1995-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3375107
• 关键词: cognition; computational neuroscience; computer simulation; language; memory; neural information processing; performance; problem solving; psychological concentration; psychometrics; psychomotor reaction time; pupillary reflex; reading; semantics; stimulus /response; visual fixation; visual tracking; vocabulary

The proposed research will examine how the limited capacity of working memory constrains the on-line processing in language comprehension. Comprehension performance changes qualitatively and quantitatively when the resource demands of the task exceed the supply. The proposed research experimentally examines I what kinds of task demands exacerbate resource shortages, how resource shortages are accommodated by the, i system, and how individual differences in maximum capacity affect performance. The empirical studies examine working memory constraints on four aspects of language comprehension. One series of experiments investigates the relation between syntactic modularity and working memory capacity, examining the hypothesis that a resource-demanding interaction between syntactic and semantic processing occurs only in those Individuals and tasks in which the required resources are available. A second series examines whether the larger capacity of some individuals permits them to maintain multiple Interpretations of a structurally or lexically ambiguous sentence. A third series investigates how the storage of information over a text distance varies with the processing demands made by the intervening text. A fourth series develops the methodology of pupillometry to index the consumption of cognitive resources during language comprehension. In addition, the experimental methodologies include the measurement of gaze locations and durations during reading, measurement of word-by-word self- paced reading times, and cross-modal priming. The methodologies are used to answer questions about the time course, content, and intensity of processing. The theory will be instantiated as a computational model, namely an activation-based production system , in which both processing and storage are fueled by activation. In this model, the total amount of activation, available to the system has an upperbound that corresponds to the maximum capacity of an individual. The goal of the theory is to explain how the processing of language accommodates (or fails to accommodate) tile transient computational and storage demands that occur in language comprehension, and to thereby explain the variation in comprehension among tasks and individuals. One health-related implication of this research is that the theory will explain a dimension of individual differences that potentially encompasses not just normal variation in comprehension, but also variation due to extreme age, to stress, or to trauma. Second, the research develops new methodologies with clinical potential (relating eye fixations to cognitive processes and relating pupil dilation to the consumption of cognitive resources). Third, the research develops the theoretical analysis of a psychometric instrument (the reading span test) that may prove useful for measuring age and disease-related changes in language functioning.

拟议的研究将审查有限的工作能力如何 记忆制约着语言理解中的在线加工。 当出现以下情况时，理解成绩会发生质的和量的变化 任务的资源供不应求。拟议的研究 实验检验了什么类型的任务要求会加剧资源 短缺，i系统如何解决资源短缺问题，以及 最大容量的个体差异如何影响性能。 实证研究从四个方面考察了工作记忆的制约 语言理解能力。一系列实验研究了 句法模块化与工作记忆容量的关系， 检验一种假设，即资源需求之间的相互作用 句法和语义加工只发生在这些个体中，并且 所需资源可用的任务。第二季 检查某些个体的较大容量是否允许他们 保持对结构或词汇歧义的多种解释 判刑。第三个系列调查了信息的存储是如何 文本距离随介入者提出的处理要求而变化 文本。第四个系列发展了瞳孔计量学的方法，以索引 语言理解过程中认知资源的消耗。在……里面 此外，实验方法还包括凝视的测量 阅读过程中的位置和持续时间，逐字自我测量 有节奏的阅读时间和跨模式启动。使用了方法论 回答有关时间进程、内容和强度的问题 正在处理。 该理论将被实例化为计算模型，即 基于激活的生产系统，其中处理和存储都是 都是由激活来驱动的。在这个模型中，激活的总量， 系统可用的值具有与最大值对应的上界 个人的能力。这一理论的目标是解释 语言处理适应(或不适应)瓦片 语言中出现的瞬时计算和存储需求 理解，并由此解释不同群体之间理解的差异 任务和个人。 这项研究的一个与健康相关的含义是，该理论将 解释个体差异的一个维度，它可能包含 不只是理解上的正常变化，还有由于 年龄过大，压力过大，或精神创伤。第二，研究开发了新的 具有临床潜力的方法(将眼睛注视与认知联系起来 散瞳过程及其与认知消耗的关系 资源)。第三，本研究发展了一种理论分析。 心理测量仪(阅读广度测试)，可能对 测量年龄和与疾病相关的语言功能变化。