COGNITIVE CAPACITY & LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION--FMR STUDIES

认知能力

• 批准号: 2033569
• 负责人: MARCEL Adam JUST
• 金额: $ 13.67万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-30 至 2002-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2033569
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; brain mapping; clinical research; cognition; computational neuroscience; computer simulation; functional ability; functional magnetic resonance imaging; handedness; human subject; language; language disorders; learning; neural information processing; syntax; temporal lobe /cortex; visual fixation

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): The proposed research applies a resource theory to the large-scale brain network that processes language, proposing and testing a theory of the mapping between the functional processing at the cognitive level and neuronal activity at the brain level. The research examines this mapping by varying the type and amount of demand on resources and the supply of resources (as operationalized in an existing computational model) and by assessing the associated brain activation with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The studies investigate the effect of demand and type of process on the activation associated with Wernicke's area, and the relation of the language system to the more general central executive. Instead of using brain imaging to ask "which brain areas activate?" We will ask "to what degree does each area in the network activate under different task conditions and how do they interact as a function of resource demand and supply?" From the intensity patterns of the brain activation, we will construct models of the coordination and interaction of the underlying component processes involved in sentence comprehension, building on our existing simulation model. The studies use cutting-edge technologies and methodologies, exploiting the speed and sensitivity of echo-planar fMRI as well as behavioral studies and computational modeling to develop an integrated characterization of the relation between the cognitive processing of language and the organization of the brain systems underlying language. The research provides a direct link between brain activity and functional disorders in language processing. The approach allows the assessment of brain and cognitive function after stroke-induced aphasia, and before and after therapy. The new paradigm succeeds in identifying the location of parts of the language network in presurgical patients. Moreover, there is a clear promise of this approach helping to analyze language impairments that are less specific than aphasia, such as the disconnection facets of autism, Parkinsonian impairments of language, and diffuse diseases such as Alzheimer's.

描述（申请人摘要）：所提出的研究应用了 资源理论到处理语言的大规模大脑网络， 提出并测试一个理论的映射之间的功能 认知水平的处理和大脑水平的神经元活动。 该研究通过改变需求的类型和数量来检查这种映射 关于资源和资源供应的报告（现有 计算模型），并通过评估相关的大脑激活与 功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）。 这些研究调查了 需求和流程类型对与以下各项相关的激活的影响 韦尼克区，以及语言系统与更普遍的 中央执行。 而不是使用大脑成像来询问“哪些大脑区域 激活？“我们会问“网络中的每个区域在多大程度上 在不同的任务条件下激活，以及它们如何相互作用， 资源需求与供给的关系？“从强度模式来看， 大脑激活，我们将构建协调模型， 句子中潜在成分过程的相互作用 理解，建立在我们现有的模拟模型上。 研究使用 尖端的技术和方法，利用速度和 平面回波功能磁共振成像的灵敏度以及行为研究， 计算建模，以开发一个综合表征的 语言的认知加工与组织的关系 语言背后的大脑系统 这项研究提供了大脑活动和功能之间的直接联系。 语言处理障碍 该方法允许评估 脑卒中后失语症的大脑和认知功能， 在治疗后。 新的范例成功地确定了 手术前病人的语言网络的一部分。 而且，还有一个 这种方法的明确承诺有助于分析语言障碍， 不如失语症那么具体，例如自闭症的断开方面， 帕金森氏症的语言障碍，以及弥漫性疾病，如 老年痴呆