LFC-UK: Development of Underpinning Technology for Laminar Flow Control

LFC-UK：层流控制基础技术的开发

• 批准号: EP/I037946/1
• 负责人: Philip Hall
• 金额: $ 537.66万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI037946%2F1
• 关键词: LFC; UK; Development; Underpinning; Technology

The world's oil supply is decreasing rapidly and over the next 10 or 20 years the price per barrel will spiral inexorably. Aviation is a significant consumer of oil and is also implicated in global warming through its generation of massive quantities of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide. Aircraft noise continues to be an increasingly important problem as airports expand. For these reasons aviation as we know it now will rapidly become unviable. There is no single solution to the problem and enormous changes to engines, airframe design, scheduling and indeed people's expectations of unlimited air travel are inevitable. Here we address one of the most important issues, improved aerodynamics, and develop the underpinning technology for Laminar Flow Control (LFC), the technology of drag reduction on aircraft. This will become the cornerstone of aircraft design. Even modest savings in drag of the order of 10% translate into huge savings in fuel costs and huge reductions in atmospheric pollution. Applications of the technology to military aircraft where range is often the main requirement and marine applications are similarly important. The development of viable LFC designs requires sophisticated mathematical, computational and experimental investigations of the onset of transition to turbulence and its control. Existing tools are too crude to be useful and contain little input from the flow physics. Major hurdles to be overcome concern:a) How do we specify generic input disturbances for flow past a wing in a messy atmosphere in the presence of surface imperfections, flexing, rain, insects and a host of other complicating featuresb) How do we solve the mathematical problems associated with linear and nonlinear disturbance growth in complex 3D flowsc) How do we find a criterion for the onset of transition based on flow physics which is accurate enough to avoid the massive over-design associated with existing LFC strategies yet efficient enough to be useable in the design officed) How can we use experiments in the laboratory to predict what happens in flight experimentse) How can we devise control strategies robust enough to be used on civilian aircraftf) How can we quantify the manufacturing tolerances such as say surface waviness or bumps needed to maintain laminar flowThe above challenges are huge and can only be overcome by innovative research based on the mathematical, computational and experimental excellence of a team like the one we have assembled. The solution of these problems will lead to a giant leap in our understanding of transition prediction and enable LFC to be deployed. The programme is based around a unique team of researchers covering all theoretical, computational, and experimental aspects of the problem together with the necessary expertise to make sure the work can be deployed by industry. Indeed our partnership with most notably EADS and Airbus UK will put the UK aeronautics industry in the lead to develop the new generation of LFC wings.The programme is focussed primarily on aerodynamics but the tools we develop are relevant in a wide range of problems. In Chemical Engineering there has long been an interest in how to pump fluids efficiently in pipelines and how flow instabilities associated with interfaces can compromise certain manufacturing processes. In Earth Sciences the formation of river bed patterns behind topology or man-made obstructions is governed by the same process that describes the initiation of disturbances on wings. Likewise surface patterns on Mars can be explained by the instability mechanisms of sediment carrying rivers. In Atmospheric Dynamics and Oceanography a host of crucial flow phenomena are intimately related to the basic instabilities of a 3D flow over a curved aerofoil. Our visitor programme will ensure that our work impinges on these and other closely related areas and that likewise we are aware of ideas which can be profitably be used in aerodynamics.

世界石油供应正在迅速减少，未来 10 年或 20 年，每桶石油的价格将不可避免地上涨。航空业是石油的重要消耗者，并且通过产生大量二氧化碳和氮氧化物而与全球变暖有关。随着机场的扩建，飞机噪音仍然是一个日益重要的问题。由于这些原因，我们现在所知道的航空业将很快变得不可行。这个问题没有单一的解决方案，发动机、机身设计、调度以及人们对无限航空旅行的期望的巨大变化是不可避免的。在这里，我们解决最重要的问题之一，即改进空气动力学，并开发层流控制 (LFC) 的基础技术，即飞机减阻技术。这将成为飞机设计的基石。即使阻力减少 10% 左右，也能大幅节省燃料成本并大幅减少大气污染。该技术应用于军用飞机，航程通常是主要要求，海洋应用也同样重要。可行的 LFC 设计的开发需要对湍流转变的开始及其控制进行复杂的数学、计算和实验研究。现有的工具太粗糙而没有什么用处，并且几乎不包含来自流动物理学的输入。需要克服的主要障碍包括：a) 我们如何在存在表面缺陷、弯曲、雨水、昆虫和许多其他复杂特征的情况下，在杂乱的大气中指定流经机翼的通用输入扰动b) 我们如何解决与复杂 3D 流中线性和非线性扰动增长相关的数学问题c) 我们如何找到基于流动物理学的过渡开始标准，该标准足够准确以避免 与现有 LFC 策略相关的大规模过度设计，但效率足以在设计办公室中使用）我们如何在实验室中使用实验来预测飞行实验中发生的情况e）我们如何设计足够强大的控制策略以用于民用飞机f）我们如何量化制造公差，例如维持层流所需的表面波纹或颠簸上述挑战是巨大的，只能通过基于以下内容的创新研究来克服 像我们这样组建的团队在数学、计算和实验方面的卓越表现。这些问题的解决将导致我们对转换预测的理解发生巨大飞跃，并使 LFC 得以部署。该项目基于一个独特的研究团队，涵盖了问题的所有理论、计算和实验方面，以及必要的专业知识，以确保该工作可以被行业部署。事实上，我们与最著名的 EADS 和空中客车英国公司的合作将使英国航空业在开发新一代 LFC 机翼方面处于领先地位。该计划主要关注空气动力学，但我们开发的工具与广泛的问题相关。在化学工程领域，长期以来人们一直对如何在管道中有效泵送流体以及与界面相关的流动不稳定性如何影响某些制造工艺感兴趣。在地球科学中，拓扑或人造障碍物背后河床模式的形成受描述机翼扰动启动的相同过程控制。同样，火星表面的形态也可以通过携带沉积物的河流的不稳定机制来解释。在大气动力学和海洋学中，许多关键的流动现象与弯曲机翼上的 3D 流动的基本不稳定性密切相关。我们的访客计划将确保我们的工作影响到这些和其他密切相关的领域，并且同样我们意识到可以在空气动力学中有利地使用的想法。

项目成果

Recent developments to the viscous garabedian and korn method

粘性加拉贝迪安法和科恩法的最新进展

• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: 28th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences 2012, ICAS 2012
• 作者: Atkin C.J.

An adaptable parallel algorithm for the direct numerical simulation of incompressible turbulent flows using a Fourier spectral/hp element method and MPI virtual topologies.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2016.04.011
• 发表时间: 2016-09
• 期刊: Computer physics communications
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Bolis A;Cantwell CD;Moxey D;Serson D;Sherwin SJ
• 通讯作者: Sherwin SJ

Lower branch equilibria in Couette flow: the emergence of canonical states for arbitrary shear flows

库埃特流中的下分支平衡：任意剪切流的规范状态的出现

• DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2013.254
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Journal of Fluid Mechanics
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Blackburn H

A method of reducing the drag of transport wings

一种减少运输机翼阻力的方法

• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference
• 作者: Alderman J.

Non-Parallel-Flow Effects on Stationary Crossflow Vortices at Their Genesis

静止横流涡产生时的非平行流效应

• DOI: 10.1016/j.piutam.2015.03.055
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Procedia IUTAM
• 作者: Butler A