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UK Magnetic Fusion Research Programme

英国磁聚变研究计划

基本信息

批准号：
EP/I501045/1
负责人：
Steve Cowley
金额：
$ 23520.46万
依托单位：
CCFE/UKAEA
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI501045%2F1
关键词：
UK Magnetic Fusion Research Programme

项目摘要

The purpose of international fusion research is to harness the process that heats the sun andother stars, to develop a new, large scale, carbon-free energy source without security ofsupply or major long-term waste problems. The most developed approach uses strongmagnetic fields to keep the very hot, ionised gas (plasma) away from material surfaces.The main challenges are to minimise energy losses from the plasma, keep it stable andhandle its high exhaust power, and to develop reliable materials and components that canwithstand years of high power fluxes of heat and the very hot neutrons created by fusionwhich will be the heat source for electricity generation.The 2010-2016 EPSRC-supported magnetic fusion research programme at CCFE (alsofunded by EURATOM) will respond to the findings of the 2009 RCUK review of UK fusionresearch strategy. This emphasised the need to shift gradually the balance of research fromphysics to technology, with the long-term aim to position UK industry to be a major playerwhen fusion power stations are built. The RCUK's Fusion Advisory Board has endorsed themain thrusts of this forward programme. The grant will cover UK funding for the JointEuropean Torus (JET) at CCFE, presently the world's leading fusion experiment. In the2010s, JET will be superseded by ITER, the international device under construction inFrance.The centrepiece of the UK programme is MAST. A major 30M upgrade will be implementedduring the grant period, to enable higher power, longer pulse experiments with even hotterplasmas (around 50 million degrees). MAST is a spherical tokamak, a concept pioneered atCCFE with a tighter design of magnetic bottle than conventional tokamaks like JET andITER. The main aims of MAST experiments are to (a) determine whether the ST would be asuitable basis for a compact device to test components for future fusion power stations, and(b) improve tokamak physics understanding to help optimise exploitation of ITER. Aside fromupgrading MAST, the main strands of the programme are as follows (all involve considerablecollaboration with UK universities and overseas organisations):1) Experiments on MAST, and related theory and modelling, on the stability, confinement,exhaust, start-up and sustainment aspects of tokamak plasmas2) Participation, with other European fusion scientists, in the JET programme, concentratingon assessing of the effect of JET's new metal plasma-facing wall on plasma performanceand the implications for ITER. In around 2015 there will be experiments using the fusion fuel(a mixture of deuterium and tritium) - JET is the only machine that can use tritium3) Improving structural and plasma-facing materials for fusion power stations through theoryand modelling (tested against experiments in UK universities) and assessments of theperformance of tungsten and beryllium in the new JET wall4) Designing specialist heating and measurement technologies for ITER, and facilitating theinvolvement of UK industry in the procurement of these and other ITER systems5) Gradually moving from ITER technologies to those needed for a demonstration fusionpower station to follow ITER, contributing to joint European design studies - some of thiswork will assist the less-developed laser-based inertial approach to fusion power stations,studied at the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, which would need similar neutron-captureand high heat flux technologies6) To help all of the above, tapping relevant UK university expertise in plasma and materialssciences and technology, with student training in many disciplines.

国际聚变研究的目的是利用太阳和其他恒星的加热过程，开发一种新的，大规模的，无碳的能源，而不会有供应安全或长期浪费的问题。最先进的方法使用强磁场来保持非常热的电离气体（等离子体）远离材料表面。主要挑战是最大限度地减少等离子体的能量损失，保持其稳定并处理其高排气功率，并开发可靠的材料和部件，这些材料和部件可以承受多年的高功率热流和聚变产生的非常热的中子，这些中子将成为发电的热源。2010-2016年EPSRC支持的CCFE磁聚变研究计划（也由EURATOM资助）将对2009年RCUK对英国聚变研究战略的审查结果做出回应。这强调了将研究的平衡从物理学逐渐转移到技术的必要性，长期目标是将英国工业定位为核聚变发电站建设的主要参与者。RCUK的融合咨询委员会已经认可了这个前瞻性计划的主要目标。这笔赠款将包括英国对CCFE的联合欧洲环（JET）的资助，该实验目前是世界领先的聚变实验。在2010年代，JET将被ITER取代，ITER是一个正在法国建设的国际装置。英国项目的核心是MAST。一个主要的30 M升级将在拨款期间实施，以实现更高的功率，更长的脉冲实验，甚至热等离子体（约5000万度）。MAST是一个球形托卡马克，这是CCFE首创的一个概念，它的磁瓶设计比JET和ITER等传统托卡马克更紧凑。MAST实验的主要目的是：（a）确定ST是否是一个合适的基础，一个紧凑的设备，以测试未来的聚变发电站的组件，（B）提高托卡马克物理的理解，以帮助优化ITER的开发。除了升级MAST外，该计划的主要内容如下（所有内容都涉及与英国大学和海外组织的合作）：1）MAST实验，以及有关托卡马克等离子体稳定性、约束、排气、启动和维持方面的理论和建模2）与其他欧洲聚变科学家一起参与JET计划，集中评估JET新的金属等离子体面对壁对等离子体性能的影响以及对ITER的影响。在2015年左右，将有实验使用聚变燃料（氘和氚的混合物）- JET是唯一可以使用氚的机器3）通过理论和建模改进聚变发电站的结构和面向等离子体的材料（与英国大学的实验进行了对比），并评估了钨和铍在新型JET壁中的性能4）为ITER设计专门的加热和测量技术，并促进英国工业界参与这些和其他ITER系统的采购5）逐步从ITER技术转向ITER之后的示范聚变发电站所需的技术，为欧洲的联合设计研究做出贡献--其中一些工作将有助于在卢瑟福-阿普尔顿实验室研究的欠发达的以激光为基础的惯性方法用于聚变发电站，这将需要类似的中子捕获和高热通量技术6）为了帮助上述所有方面，利用英国大学在等离子体和材料科学与技术方面的相关专业知识，对学生进行多学科的培训。