A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

虽然科学界对产后抑郁症的现象很感兴趣， 抑郁症多年来，直到最近才有细致、系统的研究 已经开始研究这种疾病。 仍有相当大 关于产后出血的发生率、病程、先兆和严重程度的争论 萧条 此外，几乎没有数据表明， 产后抑郁症对母婴关系的影响。 这项研究的目的之一是确定 怀孕和产褥期与比平常更高的风险有关 抑郁症的症状 一个大样本的孕妇和一个匹配的 对照组的非妊娠女性将在“妊娠”期间接受随访 直到产后六个月“的发病率，患病率和严重程度， 将比较产后和非产后妇女的抑郁症， 确定与怀孕相关的抑郁症风险的真实性质 和产褥期 抑郁症和相关因素将通过访谈进行评估， 自我报告和直接观察。 这些因素包括社会 支持、压力性生活事件的发生、个人和家族史 精神病理学，心理态度和几种激素（例如， 皮质醇和孕酮）被认为与产后 萧条 这些数据将使我们能够检验关于 心理社会和生物因果因素的重要性 产后抑郁症 抑郁和非抑郁的母亲将被观察到与 婴儿出生后三个月左右。 特异性干扰 与母亲抑郁症相关的类型将通过以下方式确定： 仔细的行为分析。 这项研究将提供相关的信息1）了解 产后抑郁症的生物和心理社会原因，2）发展 早期识别和预防计划，以及3）制定 干预措施，使抑郁的母亲能够更有效地互动 与他们的婴儿。

While there has been scientific interest in the phenomenon of postpartum depression for many years, only recently has careful, systematic research been undertaken to study this disorder. There is still considerable debate about incidence, course, precursors, and severity of postpartum depression. Moreover, virtually no data exist on the effects of postpartum depression on the developing infant-mother relationship. One purpose of the proposed research is to determine the extent to which pregnancy and the puerperium are associated with a higher than usual risk of depression in women. A large sample of pregnant women and a matched control group of non-pregnant women will be followed through "pregnancy" until "six months postpartum." The incidence, prevalence, and severity of depression in puerperal and non-puerperal women will be compared to determine the true nature of risk of depression associated with pregnancy and the puerperium. Depression and related factors will be assessed through interviews, self-report, and direct observation. These factors include social support, occurrence of stressful life events, personal and family history of psychopathology, psychological attitudes, and several hormones (e.g., cortisol and progesterone) thought to be causally related to postpartum depression. These data will permit us to test hypotheses regarding the importance of both psychosocial and biological causal factors in postpartum depression. Depressed and non-depressed mothers will be observed interacting with their infants about three months after delivery. Specific interactional styles associated with depression in the mother will be identified through careful behavioral analysis. This research will provide information relevant 1) to understanding biological and psychosocial causes of postpartum depression, 2) developing early identification and prevention programs, and 3) developing interventions to enable depressed mothers to interact more effectively with their infants.