INCENTIVE THEORY

建议将激励理论扩展到考虑长期利益 行为对比和消亡，并澄清注意在 有机体将行为分配给竞争性活动。各种不同的 将审查训练方案在抵抗物种灭绝方面的作用， 以及量化理论将解释的现象，如部分 强化消光效应，过度训练消退效应，以及 将推导出内插补强计划的效果。在……里面 所有案件所涉及的诱因的大小和种类 被研究的有机体可能会发挥关键作用，并在理论上 对于为什么会出现这种情况，我们将提出解释。最基本的 激励理论中将要发展的机制是积累 对强化信号的唤醒，以及对这种信号的重新正规化 基于动物体内生物钟的唤醒，其速度被调整到 以整体频率和价值为基础，实时激励。这个 同样的机制应该帮助我们理解激励和行为 相比之下，尽管他们不太可能解释 在训练早期就表现出来的对比。关于行为的概念 竞争、知觉对比和外来强化将是 对这些影响进行了评估。该理论唤起了注意过程在 它对自动整形的获得和选择的预测 交替补丁；将研究当前的联想学习理论 因为它们在扩展激励理论方面的有用性；相反，理论 可以通过推广我们的最大值概念来阐明经验数据 刺激的联合强度包括试验间期和 作为该最大值的决定因素的调度参数。激励理论 提供了一种与传统方式截然不同的学习方式 强化理论，并因此应该提供另一种概念化 针对正常人群和特殊人群的培训方案，以及表格 我们理解生物体调谐到 其环境的节律性，对其有利或不利。

It is proposed to extend Incentive Theory to account for long-term behavioral contrast and extinction, and to clarify the role of attention in the organism's allocation of behavior to competing activities. The various effects of training regimens on resistance to extinction will be reviewed, and quantitative theory that will account for phenomena such as the partial reinforcement extinction effect, the overtraining extinction effect, and the effects of interpolated schedules of reinforcement will be derived. In all cases the magnitude of the incentives involved and the species of organism studied are likely to play a critical role, and a theoretical explanation of why that is the case will be suggested. The fundamental mechanisms in incentive theory that will be developed are the accumulation of arousal to signals of reinforcement, and the renormalization of that arousal based on the animal's internal clock, whose speed is adjusted on the basis of overall frequency and value of incentives in real time. The same mechanisms should help us to understand both incentive and behavioral contrast, although they are unlikely to be able to account for the types of contrast that are manifest early in training. Notions of behavioral competition, perceptual contrast, and adventitious reinforcement will be evaluated for those effects. The theory invokes attentional processes in its predictions of the acquisition of autoshaping and in selection of alternate patches; current theories of association learning will be studied for their usefulness in extending Incentive Theory; conversely, the theory may shed light on empirical data by generalizing our notions of the maximum associative strength of stimuli to include intertrial interval and scheduling parameters as determinants of that maximum. Incentive Theory provides a very different approach to learning than traditional reinforcement theory, and thus should inform alternate conceptualizations of training programs for regular and special populations, as well as form a theoretical basis for our understanding of the tuning of the organism to the rhythmicity of its environment, either to its benefit or its detriment.