Dynamic Models of Reconditioning

描述（由申请人提供）：这些实验和相关的理论发展将测量使用连续条件反射和消退范例（自动成形和负自动维持）的数千次试验中响应概率的变化。 这些范例坑巴甫洛夫条件反射的方法对工具的偶然性，阻碍方法。试验持续时间和试验间隔的第一和第二时刻以及强化的概率将有所不同。现有的空调和灭绝模型的相对可能性将根据数据进行比较。这些与传统实验的不同之处在于，数据中的自由度将大大超过模型中的自由度。其他实验将注意力转移到CS和背景上，使用强化偶然性，将时间表控制理论与联想条件反射联系起来。在其他实验中，上下文将被本地化，并在跟踪和延迟范例中呈现，以测试上下文的阻塞和保护模型。一个通用的理论控制目标的反应，同时和即将到来的激励将开发统一的研究结果。 这项建议将：（a）为联合条件作用模型提供一个新的试验平台;（B）开发分析技术，从选定的实验中提取数量级更多的信息;（c）提供分析非线性动态条件作用范例的技术，包括谱分析和赫斯特指数;（d）说明为什么背景比离散的CS更强大;（e）发展一种符号吸引力的理论，并将这种吸引力传递给符号的意义。 健康影响：如果人们天生行为良好，健康促进将是平凡的。人们之所以表现不好，是因为他们发现食物、毒品、风险和攻击性的吸引力比禁欲的好处更强大。这一建议是基于理论的方法吸引子和他们的迹象。它提供了新的测量工具，用于衡量禁欲和复发时期的动机摇摆不定。它将条件反射理论嵌入实时，闭环环境中，并开发必要的分析工具。鸽子被一种已经被证明是自我挫败了一千次的反应所吸引，这也许与瘾君子的渴望和复发没有什么不同。通过对潜在行为机制的竞争模型提供统计上强大的测试，我们可能会更接近了解如何减轻这种致命的强迫症。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): These experiments and correlated theoretical development will measure changes in the probability of responding over thousands of trials using continual conditioning and extinction paradigms (autoshaping and negative automaintenance). These paradigms pit Pavlovian conditioning of approach against instrumental contingencies that discourage approach. Trial durations and the first and second moments of the intertrial interval and probability of reinforcement will be varied. The relative likelihood of existing models of conditioning and extinction will be compared in light of the data. These differ from traditional experiments in that the degrees of freedom in the data will vastly outnumber the degrees of freedom in the models. Other experiments will vary attention to the CS and background using reinforcement contingencies, to bridge a theory of schedule control to associative conditioning. In other experiments the context will be localized and presented in trace and delay paradigms to test a model of blocking-by and protecting-of context. A general theory of the control of target responses by concurrent and forthcoming incentives will be developed to unify the findings. This proposal will: (a) Provide a new test bed for models of associative conditioning; (b) develop analytic techniques to extract orders of magnitude more information from select experiments; (c) provide techniques for analysis of nonlinear dynamic conditioning paradigms, including spectral analyses and Hearst exponents; (d) address why the context can be more powerful than discrete CSs; and (e) develop a theory for the attraction to signs, and the handing-off of this attraction to their significates. Health implications: If people naturally behaved well, health promotion would be mundane. People do not behave well because they find the attraction to food, drugs, risk and aggression more powerful than attraction to the benefits of abstinence. This proposal is predicated on a theory of approach to attractors and signs of them. It provides new measurement tools for the vacillation in motivations over epochs of abstinence and relapse. It embeds the theory of conditioning in a real-time, closed-loop context, and develops requisite analytic tools. The pigeon's attraction to a response that has proven self-defeating a thousand times is perhaps not different in kind than an addict's craving and relapse. By providing statistically powerful tests of competing models of underlying behavioral machinery, we may get closer to understanding how to mitigate such fatal obsessions.