Dynamic Models of Reconditioning

描述(申请人提供)：这些实验和相关的理论发展将使用连续条件反射和消退范式(自动整形和负自动维持)来衡量数千次试验中应答概率的变化。这些范式将巴甫洛夫式的方法条件反射与阻碍方法的工具性偶然性对立起来。审判持续时间和审判间隔期的第一、二阶矩以及增援概率将有所不同。根据这些数据，我们将比较现有的条件化和消亡模型的相对可能性。这些实验与传统实验的不同之处在于，数据中的自由度将远远超过模型中的自由度。其他实验将使用强化偶然事件改变对CS和背景的关注，以将进度控制理论与关联条件作用联系起来。在其他实验中，上下文将被本地化，并以跟踪和延迟范例呈现，以测试上下文的阻止和保护模型。将开发一种通过同时和即将到来的激励来控制目标反应的一般理论，以统一这些发现。 这一建议将：(A)为联想条件反射模型提供一个新的试验台；(B)开发分析技术，从选定的实验中提取更多数量级的信息；(C)提供分析非线性动态条件反射范式的技术，包括频谱分析和赫斯特指数；(D)解决为什么语境可以比离散的CS更强大；以及(E)开发一种吸引符号的理论，以及这种吸引力对其意义的传递。 对健康的影响：如果人们自然地表现良好，健康促进就会变得平淡无奇。人们举止不好是因为他们发现对食物、毒品、风险和攻击性的吸引力比对禁欲好处的吸引力更大。这一建议是基于对吸引子及其征兆的处理方法的理论。它为戒酒和旧病复发时期动机的动摇提供了新的测量工具。它将条件反射理论嵌入到实时、闭合的环境中，并开发了必要的分析工具。鸽子对一千次被证明弄巧成拙的反应的吸引力，可能与吸毒者的渴望和复发没有什么不同。通过对潜在行为机制的相互竞争的模型进行统计上强大的测试，我们可能会更接近于理解如何减轻这种致命的痴迷。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): These experiments and correlated theoretical development will measure changes in the probability of responding over thousands of trials using continual conditioning and extinction paradigms (autoshaping and negative automaintenance). These paradigms pit Pavlovian conditioning of approach against instrumental contingencies that discourage approach. Trial durations and the first and second moments of the intertrial interval and probability of reinforcement will be varied. The relative likelihood of existing models of conditioning and extinction will be compared in light of the data. These differ from traditional experiments in that the degrees of freedom in the data will vastly outnumber the degrees of freedom in the models. Other experiments will vary attention to the CS and background using reinforcement contingencies, to bridge a theory of schedule control to associative conditioning. In other experiments the context will be localized and presented in trace and delay paradigms to test a model of blocking-by and protecting-of context. A general theory of the control of target responses by concurrent and forthcoming incentives will be developed to unify the findings. This proposal will: (a) Provide a new test bed for models of associative conditioning; (b) develop analytic techniques to extract orders of magnitude more information from select experiments; (c) provide techniques for analysis of nonlinear dynamic conditioning paradigms, including spectral analyses and Hearst exponents; (d) address why the context can be more powerful than discrete CSs; and (e) develop a theory for the attraction to signs, and the handing-off of this attraction to their significates. Health implications: If people naturally behaved well, health promotion would be mundane. People do not behave well because they find the attraction to food, drugs, risk and aggression more powerful than attraction to the benefits of abstinence. This proposal is predicated on a theory of approach to attractors and signs of them. It provides new measurement tools for the vacillation in motivations over epochs of abstinence and relapse. It embeds the theory of conditioning in a real-time, closed-loop context, and develops requisite analytic tools. The pigeon's attraction to a response that has proven self-defeating a thousand times is perhaps not different in kind than an addict's craving and relapse. By providing statistically powerful tests of competing models of underlying behavioral machinery, we may get closer to understanding how to mitigate such fatal obsessions.