DEVELOPMENT OF AMINE NEURONS AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS

胺神经元的发育和相关行为

• 批准号: 3378393
• 负责人: BARBARA S BELTZ
• 金额: $ 9.75万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-06-15 至 1988-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3378393
• 关键词: autoradiography; electron microscopy; embryo /fetus cell /tissue; ethology; high performance liquid chromatography; immunochemistry; muscle function; neurons; neurophysiology; neurotransmitter metabolism; octopamine; oligopeptides; posture; serotonin; synapses

Monoamine-containing neurons are universally present in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Serotonergic systems of neurons in particular have received wide attention because serotonin has been implicated in a variety of important behavioral processes and disorders: for example, sleep, locomotion, and mental illness. In the lobster Homarus americanus serotonin and octopamine induce sustained and opposite postures when injected into freely moving animals. These postures result from amines directing the readout of central motor programs for flexion (serotonin) and extension (octopamine). We have located the major sites of storage and release of these amines in lobsters, and have found individual neurons likely to contain serotonin that may plan a role in the generation of the postures. With this application, we propose to study the development of monoamine neurons, their targets, and postural control. The proposed studies fall into three major categories- (1) Neurogenesis: Using immunocytochemical and autoradiographic methods, we will study the developmental timetable for the appearance of serotonin and octopamine in neurons, and will determine the temporal sequence of differentiation of neurons destined to contain monoamines. We will also initiate studies of axonal outgrowth and cell lineages in lobster embryos. (2) Synaptogenesis and the development of function: Using ultrastructural, biochemical, and physiological methods, we will study when amine neurons begin to function in relation to the behaviors we are studying (the regulation of posture). Ultimately, we hope to correlate ultrastructural features of aminergic terminals with the onset of a functioning transmitter release mechanism. We will also ask when the motor programs for flexion and extension are (1) first sensitive to amines and (2) first responsive to activation of identified aminergic neurons. (3) Trophic influences during development: With these studies we will ask whether central and peripheral elements of the postural system develop normally in the absence of endogenous amines. Ultimately, we hope to ablate identified neurons involved in postural control; such techniques will allow us to study the influence of individual aminergic neurons on the ontogenesis of behavior. We believe that by focusing our attention on a small number of anatomically and functionally identifiable monoamine neurons and the relatively simple behavior in which they are involved, we can arrive at a better understanding of the morphological and physiological development of monoamine systems and their associated behaviors. We expect that generalities that emerge from these studies will be relevant in higher organisms as well.

含单胺的神经元普遍存在于脊椎动物和 无脊椎动物。 神经元的血清素能系统尤其具有 由于血清素与多种 重要的行为过程和障碍：例如睡眠， 运动和精神疾病。 美洲龙虾 血清素和章鱼胺诱导持续和相反的姿势 注射到自由活动的动物体内。 这些姿势是胺造成的 指导屈曲中枢运动程序的读出（血清素）和 延伸（章鱼胺）。 我们已经找到了主要的存储地点和 在龙虾中释放这些胺，并发现了单个神经元 可能含有可能在生成中发挥作用的血清素 姿势。 通过这个应用程序，我们建议研究开发 单胺神经元、它们的目标和姿势控制。 拟议的 研究分为三大类 - (1) 神经发生：使用 免疫细胞化学和放射自显影方法，我们将研究 血清素和章鱼胺出现的发育时间表 神经元，并将决定分化的时间顺序 神经元注定含有单胺。 我们还将启动研究 龙虾胚胎中的轴突生长和细胞谱系。 (2) 突触发生 和功能的发展：利用超微结构、生物化学和 生理学方法，我们将研究胺神经元何时开始发挥作用 与我们正在研究的行为（姿势的调节）有关。 最终，我们希望将胺能的超微结构特征关联起来 终端开始发挥功能的发射器释放机制。 我们还会询问屈曲和伸展运动程序何时为 (1) 首先对胺敏感，并且 (2) 首先对胺的激活敏感 鉴定出胺能神经元。 (3) 发育过程中营养的影响： 通过这些研究，我们将询问是否有中枢和外围元素 姿势系统在没有内源性胺的情况下正常发育。 最终，我们希望消除已识别的与姿势有关的神经元 控制;这些技术将使我们能够研究个人的影响 胺能神经元对行为本体发生的影响。 我们相信，通过将注意力集中在少数解剖学上 和功能上可识别的单胺神经元以及相对简单的 他们参与的行为，我们可以得出更好的结果 了解形态和生理发育 单胺系统及其相关行为。 我们期望 这些研究中得出的普遍性将在更高层次上具有相关性 有机体也是如此。