AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION & PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL CONSENSUS

歧义解决

• 批准号: 3385311
• 负责人: thomas D GILOVICH
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-07-01 至 1993-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3385311
• 关键词: belief; judgment; mental process; preference; social conformity; social perception

This proposal requests support for research designed to examine the causes and consequences of questionable and erroneous beliefs. Some of the proposed studies continue earlier work on the misperception of random sequences and the biased selection and evaluation of information. However, the core of this proposal consists of research that examines how people's erroneous beliefs are bolstered by a tendency for people to have an inflated sense of the extent to which others think and act the way that they do. More specifically, this research seeks to explore a heretofore neglected mechanism that may underlie this "false consensus" effect, or the tendency for people to believe that their own beliefs, actions, and opinions are relatively common. This mechanism centers on the inherent ambiguity of most targets of belief. For example, when trying to assess the extent to which other people share one's belief in holistic health, one must first determine exactly what the term "holistic health" means. Such terms can be interpreted quite differently by different people, and it should be clear that the precise way that we construe such terms will not only determine our own reactions, but will exert a parallel influence on our estimates of the reactions of others. Because people fail to appreciate the extent to which others may "construe" the same object quite differently, their consensus estimates fail to take full account of an important source of potential divergence. A series of laboratory experiments will examine how such construal processes lead people to form exaggerated estimates of the commonness of their own beliefs, opinions, and behaviors, and how such distorted perceptions of consensus serve to bolster erroneous beliefs. Ultimately, this research should lead to a better understanding of the causes of, and cures for, distorted judgments, misguided decisions, and erroneous beliefs.

该提案请求支持旨在调查原因的研究 以及可疑和错误信念的后果。一些 拟议的研究继续了早期关于随机的误解的工作 序列以及信息的有偏见的选择和评估。然而， 该提案的核心包括研究人们如何 人们倾向于相信错误的信念 夸大他人的思维和行为方式 他们确实这么做了。更具体地说，本研究旨在探索迄今为止 可能导致这种“错误共识”效应的被忽视的机制，或者 人们倾向于相信自己的信念、行为和 意见比较普遍。该机制以固有的 大多数信仰目标的模糊性。例如，当尝试评估 其他人在多大程度上认同一个人对整体健康的信念， 首先必须确定“整体健康”一词的确切含义。这样的 不同的人对术语的解释可能截然不同，而且 应该清楚的是，我们解释这些术语的确切方式不会 只决定我们自己的反应，但会对我们产生平行的影响 我们对他人反应的估计。因为人们不懂得欣赏 其他人可以在多大程度上“解释”同一对象 不同的是，他们的共识估计未能充分考虑 潜在分歧的重要来源。实验室系列 实验将检验这种解释过程如何引导人们形成 对自己的信仰、观点和观点的共性的夸大估计 行为，以及这种扭曲的共识观念如何有助于加强 错误的信念。最终，这项研究应该会带来更好的结果 了解扭曲判断的原因和治疗方法， 错误的决定和错误的信念。