SOCIAL SUPPORT'S ANTECEDENTS--PREVENTION & MENTAL HEALTH

两项针对最近失业者的互补研究将在 使用共享的措施和概念框架，几乎是平行的。一，被 NIMH资助的密歇根预防研究中心(MPRC)是最近- 在增强自我效能感方面启动第二代实验 以及应对失业的同龄人支持。第二个是项目 建议：对支持以下内容的夫妇交易进行纵向研究 或者破坏求职和心理健康。这两个研究小组打算 将这些努力的成果结合在一起，并在1994年就第三个 预防精神疾病现场试验的生成--测试 提高求职者自我效能感的干预措施 和配偶抚养费。尽管有相当多的流行病学证据 表明婚姻关系在预防疾病方面的重要性 精神疾病，这种关系的重要组成部分及其 对前因的理解不够充分，无法确保成功的预防 程序。拟议中的研究将确定这些配偶的模式 保持求职者积极性和积极支持的互动 双方都有心理健康。它还将识别近端和远端 这些互动模式的前因，包括角色期望， 情绪状态，以及关于问题原因和问题解决的归因。 总的目的是确定最有希望的行为，认知， 以及下一代预防干预的情感目标 在老年人中促进心理健康和有效应对的现场试验 最近失业了。 最近将使用纵向三波面板设计来跟踪250 失业成年人及其配偶/伴侣被选为代表广泛的 人口特征的分布，包括性别、年龄、种族、 教育和职业。很快就会有初步的测量 失业后(T1)，并在4个月和12个月(T2和T3)重新评估。在家中 T1的采访将包括拍摄情侣互动的视频。两者都有 合作伙伴将在T1和T2后的四天内接受电话采访，以 生成每日日记数据。日记数据将被用来检查每日 在结构上的差异，并测试短期因果效应。这个 该项目还将包括在T3个离群值之后的后续采访，或 一直被我们的模型高估或低估的夫妇 T1到T3。这些发现将被用来产生配偶干预 旨在增加求职者的积极性和减少抑郁；这些 干预措施将在项目结束时进行试点测试。决赛 这项研究的成果将是调查结果、结果措施和理论- 以及新一代预防实验的结果驱动型建议 将自我效能感的增强与同伴和配偶的支持结合在一起。

Two complementary studies aimed at the recently unemployed are to be run in near parallel using shared measures and conceptual frameworks. One, by the NIMH-funded Michigan Prevention Research Center (MPRC), is a recently- initiated second-generation experiment in the enhancement of self-efficacy and peer support for coping with job loss. The second is the project proposed here: a longitudinal study of couples transactions that support or undermine job-seeking and mental health. The two research teams intend to combine the results of these efforts and collaborate in 1994 on a third generation of field trials on preventing mental illness -- testing interventions that bolster self-efficacy on the job-seeker with both peer and spouse support. Although considerable epidemiological evidence indicates the clear importance of the marital relationship in preventing mental illness, the important components of that relationship and their antecedents are not well-enough understood to ensure successful prevention programs. The proposed study will identify those patterns of spouse interaction that maintain motivation in the job-seeker and support positive mental health in both partners. It will also identify proximal and distal antecedents of these interaction patterns, including role expectations, mood state, and attributions concerning problem cause and problem solution. The general intent is to identify the most promising behavioral, cognitive, and affective targets for preventive intervention in the next generation of field trials to promote mental health and effective coping among the recently unemployed. A longitudinal three-wave panel design will be used to follow 250 recently unemployed adults and their spouses/partners selected to represent a broad distribution on demographic characteristics including gender, age, race, education, and occupation. There will be an initial measurement shortly after job loss (T1) and resurveys at 4 and 12 months (T2 and T3). In-home interviews at T1 will include videotaping of couples interactions. Both partners will be interviewed by telephone on four days after T1 and T2 to generate daily diary data. Diary data will be used to examine the daily variation in constructs and to test for short-term causal effects. The project will also include followup interviews after T3 of outliers, or couples who are consistently over- or under-predicted by our models across T1 through T3. The findings will be used to generate spouse interventions aimed at increasing job-seeker motivation and decreasing depression; these interventions will be pilot tested at the end of the project. The final products of the study will be the findings, resultant measures, and theory- and result-driven proposals for a new generation of prevention experiments that combine enhancement of self-efficacy with peer and spouse support.