CHEMICAL TRANSMISSION IN SENSORY RECEPTORS

感觉感受器被分类为“初级”感受器（其中感觉感受器被称为“初级”感受器）。 末端直接由刺激物激发）或“次级”受体（其中 感觉刺激的转导需要前神经细胞）。 因此，次级受体需要与受体之间的电或化学偶联。 前神经细胞和传入神经纤维。 颈动脉体 化学感受器被认为是第二类感受器，具有化学感受器。 被认为存在于前神经（I型）细胞和 颈动脉窦神经的感觉末梢。 推定 神经递质，包括生物胺（儿茶酚胺和 乙酰胆碱）和神经活性肽（脑啡肽和P物质）， 这种受体中所含的蛋白质，被认为在 化学反应。 本建议的目的是从我们的 以前的研究，并继续围绕一个中心目标：即，到 阐明感觉传递和化学转导的机制， 颈动脉体 以下五个项目是为新的 赠款期：关于生物胺作用的研究（项目1）和 神经肽（项目2）将描述 化学感觉放电，以及合成（和/或内容）、释放和 这些物质的作用受体位点。 重点将是 共递质相互作用和感觉调节的研究 突触 神经肽和酶的分布和共存 生物胺合成（项目3）将使用一套新的 颗粒标记物与分析电子显微镜相结合 （AEM）. 刺激转导机制的研究（项目4）将 探索能量代谢（2DG，ATP测定）和离子触发事件 (Ca++进入）。 最后，我们的研究 二级感觉受体的营养现象（项目5）将继续 用神经再支配实验评估逆行营养 感觉终末器官对特异性递质表达的影响 成熟感觉神经元的特征。 这项多学科研究所涉及的实验需要各种 方法和技术，包括：高效液相色谱法和放射免疫法的发射机 物质，放射性标记的发射存储和释放，受体 结合、酶测定、自动射线照相术、免疫细胞化学（LM和AEM）， 电生理技术，2-DG-P和ATP测量，LM和EM 营养现象的评估。

Sensory receptors are categorized as 'primary' receptors (where the sensory ending is excited directly by the stimulus) or 'secondary' receptors (where the transduction of the sensory stimulus requires a pre-neural cell). Secondary receptors thus require electrical or chemical coupling between pre-neural cells and afferent nerve fibers. The carotid body chemoreceptors are considered secondary-type receptors, with chemical sensory synapses thought to exist between pre-neural (type I) cells and sensory terminations of the carotid sinus nerve. Putative neurotransmitters, including biogenic amines (catecholamines and acetylcholine) and neuroactive peptides (enkephalins and substance P) are contained in this receptor and are thought to play a role in the genesis of the chemoresponse. The objectives of this proposal proceed from our previous studies and continue to pivot about a central goal: i.e., to elucidate the mechanisms of sensory transmission and chemotransduction in the carotid body. The following five projects are proposed for the new grant period: Studies on the role of biogenic amines (Project 1) and neuropeptides (Project 2) will characterize the relationship between chemosensory discharge, and synthesis (and/or content), release, and receptor sites of action for these substances. Emphasis will be on studies of co-transmitter interactions and modulation of the sensory synapse. The distribution and co-existence of neuropeptides and enzymes of biogenic amine synthesis (Project 3) will be examined using a novel set of particulate markers in combination with analytical electron microscopy (AEM). Studies on the mechanisms of stimulus transduction (Project 4) will explore the energetic metabolism (2DG, ATP assays) and ionic trigger events (Ca++ entry) associated with the chemoresponse. Finally, our studies of trophic phenomena in secondary sensory receptors (Project 5) will continue with re-innervation experiments which assess the retrograde trophic influence of sensory end-organs on the expression of transmitter specific characteristics in mature sensory neurons. The experiments involved in this multi-disciplinary study require a variety of methods and techniques, including: HPLC and RIA of transmitter substances, radio-labelling of transmitter stores and release, receptor binding, enzyme assays, auto-radiography, immunocytochemistry (LM and AEM), electrophysiological techniques, 2-DG-P and ATP measurements, and LM and EM assessment of trophic phenomena.