FORMATION AND ELIMINATION OF NERVE-MUSCLE SYNAPSES

运动神经元和神经细胞之间的模式连接的形成 脊椎动物的肌肉在发育过程中需要特定的 细胞-细胞识别与突触的编辑机制 淘汰赛。即使是这个相对简单的生物的复杂解剖 系统是这样的，对这些现象在 细胞和分子水平是困难的。腿部神经肌肉 蟑螂的系统甚至更简单，因为肌肉由 一个或一小部分运动神经元。当这些神经元的轴突 运动神经元被切割，它们会再生，并最终进行改造 只与原始的目标肌肉突触。然而，在早期， 再生阶段形成不适当的突触。表面上的 特异性产生于选择性地消除这些 弄错了。蟑螂作为一种模型系统，在其中 检查常见的细胞发育过程和 分子水平。 区分目标肌肉的能力表明 单个运动神经元之间存在分子差异 以及个体肌肉之间。单抗是 可与已识别的轴突终末表面结合 运动神经元。这些将被用来提纯抗原和 在再生过程中为它们演示一个功能。组织 将使用培养和免疫组织化学技术来检测 假设运动之间相互作用的特殊性 神经元和肌肉来自选择性地促进生长 轴突仅在其适当的目标肌肉中萌发。 重组DNA技术将被用来表征 候选识别大分子。 获得的关于成功的机制的信息 蟑螂运动神经元的再生也将适用于 试图增加获得这种再生的可能性 在人类身上。这样的知识将有助于治疗 截瘫、神经肌肉疾病、多发性硬化症等 涉及损伤的神经系统疾病，如中风和头部 受伤。

The formation of patterned connections between motor neurons and muscles during development in the vertebrates requires specific cell-cell recognition as well as an editing mechanism of synaptic elimination. The complex anatomy of even this relatively simple system is such that an understanding of these phenomena at the cellular and molecular levels is difficult. The leg neuromuscular system of the cockroach is even simpler with muscles innervated by one or a small number of motor neurons. When the axons of these motor neurons are cut, they regenerate and eventually reform synapses with just the original target muscles. However, at early stages of regeneration inappropriate synapses form. The apparent specificity arises from the selective elimination of these mistakes. The cockroach serves as a model system in which to examine common developmental processes at the cellular and molecular levels. The ability to distinguish among target muscles indicates that there are molecular differences between individual motor neurons and between individual muscles. Monoclonal antibodies are available that bind to the surfaces of axon terminals of identified motor neurons. These will be used to purify the antigens and to demonstrate a function for them during regeneration. Tissue culture and immunohistochemical techniques will be used to test the hypothesis that the specificity of the interaction between motor neurons and muscles arises from a selective enhancement of growth and sprouting of axons only in their appropriate target muscles. Recombinant DNA techniques will be used to characterize the candidate recognition macromolecules. The information acquired on the mechanism of the successful regeneration of cockroach motor neurons will also be applicable to attempts to increase the probability of obtaining such regeneration in humans. Such knowledge would be helpful for the treatment of paraplegia, neuromuscular disorders, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders involving injury such as strokes and head injury.