INTERVENTIONS FOR BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION IN OLDER WOMEN

乳腺癌是女性的主要癌症类型。女性 患乳腺癌的风险最大，谁是 最不可能完成每月乳房自我检查的是 年龄在35岁及以上的人。研究表明，每月的乳房 自我检查可以更快地发现乳腺癌 临床上处于有利时期。拟议的研究将利用 变量被发现与老年女性的 乳房自我检查在乳房发育中的作用 护理干预以改善这一重要的健康行为。 研究将以与健康行为相关的理论为指导 以及过去研究的结果。变量将包括态度 针对乳腺癌和乳房自我检查，采取干预措施 为了增加乳房自我检查的行为而开发， 关于乳腺癌和乳房检查的知识，个人 在家人和朋友中体验乳腺癌， 对检测乳房肿块的信心，社会影响， 人口统计变量，以及意图、频率和熟练程度 乳房自我检查。本研究的主要目标 包括：(1)态度信念、社会影响、 人口统计变量，关于乳腺癌和乳腺癌的知识 自我检查、个人经历、意图、频率和 女性人群中乳房自我检查的熟练程度 35岁及以上；(2)态度关系的识别 变量、社会支持、自我效能感、人口变量和 对意图、频率和熟练程度的亲身体验 乳房自查；(3)乳房自检效果的测量 基于态度变量和教学的干预措施 预测意图、频率和熟练程度的策略 乳房自我检查。 参与者将采用2×2析因设计 随机分配到四组中的一组。第一组将包括 不干预，第二、第三和第四组将包括 基于过去研究的干预措施。主题将是 通过以下途径选择的600名年龄在35岁及以上的女性的概率样本 随机数字拨号。多变量和单变量分析将是 用于测试目标下的假设，这些目标将 指出所有变量对频率、意图的贡献 以及乳房自查的熟练程度。由此得出的结论 研究将用于制定护理干预措施，以 增加35岁及以上女性的乳房自我检查。

Breast cancer is the leading cancer type in women. Women who are at greatest risk for developing breast cancer and who are least likely to complete monthly breast self-examination are those ages 35 and over. Research has shown that monthly breast self-examination allows discovery of breast cancer at a more clinically favorable stage. The proposed research will utilize variables found to be significantly related to the older women's performance of breast self-examination in the development of nursing interventions to improve this important health behavior. Research will be guided by theories related to health behaviors and by results from past research. Variables will include attitudes towards breast cancer and breast self-examination, interventions developed to increase the behavior of breast self examination, knowledge about breast cancer and breast examination, personal experience with breast cancer among family and friends, confidence in detecting breast lumps, social influences, demographic variables, and intention, frequency, and proficiency of breast self-examination. Major objectives of this study include: (1) Description of attitudinal beliefs, social influences, demographic variables, knowledge about breast cancer and breast self-examination, personal experiences, intention, frequency, and proficiency of breast self-examination in a population of women 35 and over; (2) Identification of the relationship of attitudinal variables, social support, self efficacy, demographic variables and personal experience to intention, frequency, and proficiency of breast self-examination; (3) Measurement of the effect of interventions based upon attitudinal variables and teaching strategies in predicting intention, frequency, and proficiency for breast self-examination. A 2 X 2 factorial design will be utilized with participants randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group one will include no intervention, groups two, three and four will include interventions based on past research. Subjects will be a probability sample of 600 women aged 35 and over selected via random digit dialing. Multivariate and univariate analyses will be employed to test hypotheses under the objectives which will indicate the contribution of all variables to frequency, intention and proficiency of breast self-examination. Conclusions of this study will be used for the development of nursing interventions to increase breast self-examination in women 35 and over.